Fiscal financing, credit expansion, bank deposits boosted by remittances expand broad money supply

High rates punish compliance while farms, wholesale trade stay outside the net

Avoiding full-scale fiscal crisis requires lower tax rates, expenditure rationalisation & accelerated documentation

Energy has become a weapon, supply chains are being redrawn and vulnerable economies like Pakistan stand exposed

Energy procurement blunder, missed export opportunities worsen imbalance

Consumption-led loans, weak reforms and low exports worsen outlook

Escalating tensions could disrupt energy markets, deepen economic instability

Domestic capital formation must precede sustainable foreign inflows

Shift towards imported hybrid seeds is shrinking Basmati acreage, weakening export capacity

Fragile western border needs transformation into gateway of economic sovereignty