Water scarcity threatens cultural heritage

Declining river flows put traditional livelihoods and customs at risk

MULTAN:

Growing water scarcity is threatening not only agriculture but also the cultural heritage of South Punjab, with experts warning that prolonged water shortage could erode traditions passed through generations.

An expert, Professor Nabeel Ikram, attributed the challenge to climate change, rising water demand and reduced river flows.

Experts said declining water availability posed a threat to the region's cultural identity alongside its agricultural economy.

Many of South Punjab's cultural traditions are closely tied to the agricultural calendar and the availability of water. Seasonal village fairs, harvest celebrations, dance performances, Seraiki folk songs celebrating rivers and fertile lands, and communal gatherings during sowing and harvesting seasons all reflect the deep connection between local communities and their rivers.

Traditional occupations are equally dependent on healthy river systems. Fishing communities, boat builders, artisans using reeds and river grasses, and families living around riverine forests have relied on the Indus River for generations.

The experts warned that shrinking river flows are putting these livelihoods, along with the cultural knowledge associated with them, at increasing risk.

They added that water scarcity is also degrading riverine forests, which have historically supported wildlife, traditional honey collection, medicinal plants and local craftsmanship. The gradual loss of these ecosystems threatens customs that form an integral part of South Punjab's cultural landscape.

Agricultural expert Khalid Mahmood Chaudhry said water is far more than an economic resource. "South Punjab's cultural identity has evolved around its rivers and irrigation system. Our folk music, village festivals, traditional dances, handicrafts and rural customs all reflect this relationship. If water scarcity continues, we risk losing not only agricultural productivity but also a priceless cultural heritage that cannot easily be restored," he said.

Another expert, Malik Ahmad Nawaz, stressed that protecting water resources is equally important for preserving local traditions. "When water disappears, cultural practices begin to disappear as well.