Grazing lands under pressure amid water woes

Experts call for world institutions to press India over The Hague ruling on IWT

MULTAN/ PESHAWAR:

For generations, the vast natural pastures stretching along the rivers of South Punjab have served as a lifeline for thousands of livestock farmers but today, these fertile grazing grounds face an unprecedented challenge of water disruptions linked to India's suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT).

The riverine belt contains extensive "charagahs" where local communities have relied on free natural fodder for decades. Thousands of cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep graze on naturally growing vegetation, reducing feeding costs and sustaining rural economies.

But farmers fear continued reductions in river flows could devastate these ecosystems. "Healthy pastures are directly linked to healthy livestock," said livestock expert Dr Jamshaid Akhtar. "If grazing lands shrink due to water shortages, farmers will face higher feed costs while milk and meat production may decline."

Environmental expert Adnan Tariq warned that reduced moisture transforms productive grazing lands into barren patches over time. Local farmer Laique Sheikhana said thousands of families in his area depend on riverbank pastures.

"If water shortages continue and the river ecosystem deteriorates, our animals and our livelihoods will suffer," he said. The experts warn that reduced livestock productivity could weaken national food security, increase poverty, and drive up milk and meat prices for consumers already facing economic challenges.

India unilaterally held the IWT in abeyance last year, days before the four-day military conflict with Pakistan. Earlier this month, the International Court of Arbitration at The Hague passed a clear ruling in favour of Pakistan, leaving India with no justification to hold the historic agreement in abeyance.

The court reaffirmed its supplementary award on disputes over the Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects, maintaining that no state can unilaterally suspend the 1960 treaty. India has refused to recognize the court's authority. Experts described Delhi's position as an insult to international law.

"The IWT is not a political arrangement that can be suspended or ignored at will," said Dr AH Hilali of University of Peshawar. "It is an internationally recognised treaty brokered by the World Bank and has survived wars, political crises, and decades of hostility."

Former ambassador Manzoorul Haq said India has lost all legal and diplomatic grounds. Dr Khurshid Khan of University of Peshawar added that the ruling significantly strengthened Pakistan's position. "India cannot unilaterally place the treaty in abeyance. International commitments remain binding."

Experts urged the World Bank and international community to compel India to honour its commitments, warning that water manipulation during agricultural seasons could have severe consequences. The treaty's future, they said, must be determined through dialogue, law, and mutual respect - not unilateral action.