"At Eternity's Gate" takes it title from one of Van Gogh's last canvasses which shows a man holding his head in his hands.
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"This is a film about painting and a painter and their relationship to infinity," said Schnabel, who won best director at the Cannes film festival in 2007 for "The Diving Bell and the Butterfly".
"It is told by a painter. It contains what I felt were essential moments in his life. This is not the official history -- it's my version," he added.
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Schnabel wrote the script with acclaimed French screenwriter Jean-Claude Carriere.
The film -- which will be shot in France -- centres on Van Gogh's time in the southern French city of Arles and the village of Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris.
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