Reverse the signs of ageing with this special workout

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a fast-paced workout involving alternate short bursts of exercise with quick recovery periods. It's designed to torch more calories in less time than traditional steady-state training sessions. HIIT has been shown to boost metabolism, melt fat, build muscle, and more but we already knew that.

The latest buzz about HIIT is that it can reverse signs of aging at the cellular level, as suggested by researchers at Mayo Clinic, reported Time magazine.

The study, published in the journal Cell Metabolism, involved 72 sedentary adults from two age groups: young (18 to 30) and older (65 to 80). The participants were assigned to one of three 12-week workout routines: high-intensity interval cycling, strength training with weights, or a combined strength-training and cycling plan.

The HIIT cycling plan was the most rigorous of the three. It required three days of cycling (four, 4-minute high-intensity intervals broken up by 3-minute recovery periods) and two days of steady, brisk treadmill walking.

The strength-training group performed upper and lower body exercises just twice a week, while the last group worked out five days a week but without intervals, and for less time.

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Researchers measured changes in the volunteers’ leg strength, lean muscle mass, oxygen capacity and insulin sensitivity. They also biopsied tissue samples and analysed cells from the volunteers' thighs before and after the three-month experiment.

At the end of the 12 weeks, all three exercise groups had gained lean muscle and improved aerobic capacity, but those who did HIIT got the biggest benefit at the cellular level. Younger volunteers experienced a 49% boost in mitochondrial capacity — the cell’s ability to take in oxygen and produce energy — while older folks experienced a dramatic 69% increase!

Mitochondria and ribosomes are organelles that are important for metabolism and aerobic fitness, but deteriorate with age. Keeping them healthy can reverse some signs of ageing.

“The greater a person’s mitochondrial capacity, the greater capacity they have to breathe in, transport, and utilise oxygen to perform physical exercise and maintain healthy cell function,” explains Paul Arciero, PhD, professor of health and exercise sciences at Skidmore College. “In essence, the health of a cell and our body is directly dependent on the functioning of the mitochondria.” Arciero was not involved in the new study, but says the results are "very meaningful and somewhat surprising."

Neither age group in the strength-training program experienced significant mitochondrial increases. And in the combined training group, only the younger group did.

The HIIT cycling group also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity, suggesting HIIT may reduce diabetes risk. It also increased the activity of ribosomes, the part of the cell that builds proteins needed to create muscle cells. That’s important because muscle cells aren’t easily replaced when they wear out, explains Sreekumaran Nair, MD, a diabetes researcher at the Mayo Clinic.

Still, HIIT did not build as much strength or lean muscle mass over the 12-week period as strength-training. Dr Nair says the study wasn’t designed to make specific recommendations, but he does suspect that three to four days a week of HIIT, plus a couple days of strength training, may be the best way to slow the down aging.

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Co-author Matthew Robinson, PhD, a former Mayo Clinic researcher and now assistant professor of kinesiology at Oregon State University, says that adding short bursts of higher intensities is a great way to benefit more from exercise. “It could be trying to find a walking path that includes hills or pedaling faster for a short period for people who like to bike,” he told Health, warning that people who are new to intervals should progress gradually over several weeks.

HIIT seems to have additional cellular benefits that, over time, have implications for maintaining muscle, aerobic fitness and insulin sensitivity . “In other words, HIIT mobilises a powerful army of genes deep within our cells that we don’t realise are helping us in the immediate present time,” he says, “but likely have a delayed or latent effect that will affect the body in very beneficial ways.”

Robinson agrees that “some activity is better than none to promote health during aging,” and says adding intervals can help the body adapt to new physical demands. “Raising intensity may help people reach their next goals,” he adds, “whether it is improving fitness or simply being more active.”

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