Police at the beach resort of Habaraduwa, 130 kilometres (80 miles) south of the capital Colombo, made the arrests after a public outcry over the photos which were published on Facebook and in local newspapers.
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"Our intelligence unit was able to track down some of the men involved," Habaraduwa police chief Udaya Kumara said by telephone. "We arrested two and we are looking for another three who were in the photos."
Photos showed a group of men watching the bird being skinned by at least one man with a knife, while another filmed the incident on a mobile phone.
Inspector Kumara said the pair were being charged under Sri Lanka's flora and fauna act and could be sentenced to five years in prison if convicted.
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Eagles are regarded as a "highly protected" species under the country's strict conservation laws.
The arrests came a day after a magistrate in Colombo remanded a Buddhist monk in custody on a charge of illegally keeping a two-year-old baby elephant at his temple. Elephants are considered sacred in Sri Lanka.
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