Are all terrorists really Muslims?
Modi deliberately chose people like Giriraj Singh because they said what he wanted to but couldn’t
The writer is the editor and translator of Why I write: Essays by Saadat Hasan Manto, published by Westland in 2014. His book, India, Low Trust Society, will be published by Random House aakar.patel@tribune.com.pk
Are most terrorists in India Muslims? I had the chance to look at this following yet another avoidable incident this week. Nigeria’s ambassador to India has responded to a comment made by a Union minister. The comment was made by Giriraj Singh, who said: “If Rajiv Gandhi had married a Nigerian lady and not a white-skinned woman, would the Congress have accepted her leadership?” The remark revealed the casual racism that is so commonplace in India. Nigeria’s ambassador O B Okongor was upset enough to say: "I believe the prime minister will do right thing on this. I am not going to lodge a protest.” The prime minister ignored it once again as those who have observed his conduct on such things will have noticed, though the media was naturally outraged.
The website Rediff.com ran a commentary headlined “5 reasons why Giriraj Singh should shut up”. It included this statement of his from last year: "Isn't it true that all people caught in terrorist activities belong to one community? I am not trying to blame any one particular community. Why are all so-called secular parties silent on this?"
Presumably he means Muslims. He is of course not right in assuming that all people caught for terrorism are Muslims, but are Muslims responsible for most of the terrorism in India? Let’s look at the data. The South Asian Terrorism Portal lists fatalities and incidents across India. Quite helpfully, it also does list them by conflict theatre.
In 2014, there were 976 deaths from terrorism (or extremism, whatever name one wants to use for it) in India. Of these, the most (465) came in the north-east. The second most (314) came from left-wing extremism, by a group of people called Maoists. Deaths in Jammu & Kashmir, assuming we want to attribute the whole lot to terrorism, stood at 193. Outside of these conflict theatres, extremism by Muslims groups claimed four lives.
In 2013, the figure was most for Maoists (421), the second most for the north-east (252) and Kashmir plus violence by Muslim extremist groups outside the state again third (206). In 2012, we had a similar situation: Maoists (367), followed by the north-east (326), followed by Kashmir (117). The total number of victims to terrorism perpetrated by Muslim extremist groups outside these three areas, across India, was one. In 2011, Maoist violence claimed 602, the north-east 246 and Kashmir plus violence by Muslim extremist groups outside the state stood at 225. This year, again the sequence is the same, though violence levels across India have dropped, as they have been doing for the past decade.
As is obvious, most terrorists in India are Hindus, the ones whom we have conveniently labelled ‘Maoist’ instead of ‘Hindu'. The second largest group of terrorists is the tribals, animists and perhaps, some Christians, of the north-east. Muslims are third. If one looks outside the separatism of Kashmir, their violence and terrorism levels are among the lowest in the world and they appear to be least susceptible to terrorism, not just by the standards of the world’s Muslims but also India’s Hindus.
So what explains Giriraj Singh’s statement, which I must confess one hears all the time in India? I cannot remember the number of times I have been informed by someone at a party that “all Muslims are not terrorists but why are all terrorists Muslims?” They’re not. Not even close. The reason is that ‘terrorism’ is today accepted only as that which is perpetrated by Muslims. And the reason for this is the narrative in the media, which has neatly conflated terrorism with Islam and Pakistan. News channels like Times Now run many more programmes firing middle class and Anglicised Indians up against ‘terrorism’ (i.e., violence perpetrated by Muslim extremist groups/Pakistan) than they run shows on the north-east and on Maoism, which claim a far greater number of lives as the figures show.
It is, of course, unfortunate that this should be the case, but we can explain away the common man using such arguments. For a Union minister to hold them as gospel is frightening and shows how wrong-headed the members of this government are.
I said on a TV show after Giriraj’s comment that Modi deliberately chose such unhinged people because they said what he wanted to but couldn’t. He agreed with every word Giriraj said and that is why he was rewarded with a ministry. My comment greatly offended the BJP spokesman on the panel, who read out a list of cabinet ministers who were touched by sobriety, like Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley. But surely these people pick themselves in any BJP cabinet. They’ve been leaders at the centre before Modi. It is the new ministers, like Giriraj and Niranjan Jyoti (famous for referring to non-Hindus as bastards) whom Modi has brought in. And he has done so, as I said, because he agrees with what they say, even though it is manifestly and demonstrably bogus.
Published in The Express Tribune, April 5th, 2015.
The website Rediff.com ran a commentary headlined “5 reasons why Giriraj Singh should shut up”. It included this statement of his from last year: "Isn't it true that all people caught in terrorist activities belong to one community? I am not trying to blame any one particular community. Why are all so-called secular parties silent on this?"
Presumably he means Muslims. He is of course not right in assuming that all people caught for terrorism are Muslims, but are Muslims responsible for most of the terrorism in India? Let’s look at the data. The South Asian Terrorism Portal lists fatalities and incidents across India. Quite helpfully, it also does list them by conflict theatre.
In 2014, there were 976 deaths from terrorism (or extremism, whatever name one wants to use for it) in India. Of these, the most (465) came in the north-east. The second most (314) came from left-wing extremism, by a group of people called Maoists. Deaths in Jammu & Kashmir, assuming we want to attribute the whole lot to terrorism, stood at 193. Outside of these conflict theatres, extremism by Muslims groups claimed four lives.
In 2013, the figure was most for Maoists (421), the second most for the north-east (252) and Kashmir plus violence by Muslim extremist groups outside the state again third (206). In 2012, we had a similar situation: Maoists (367), followed by the north-east (326), followed by Kashmir (117). The total number of victims to terrorism perpetrated by Muslim extremist groups outside these three areas, across India, was one. In 2011, Maoist violence claimed 602, the north-east 246 and Kashmir plus violence by Muslim extremist groups outside the state stood at 225. This year, again the sequence is the same, though violence levels across India have dropped, as they have been doing for the past decade.
As is obvious, most terrorists in India are Hindus, the ones whom we have conveniently labelled ‘Maoist’ instead of ‘Hindu'. The second largest group of terrorists is the tribals, animists and perhaps, some Christians, of the north-east. Muslims are third. If one looks outside the separatism of Kashmir, their violence and terrorism levels are among the lowest in the world and they appear to be least susceptible to terrorism, not just by the standards of the world’s Muslims but also India’s Hindus.
So what explains Giriraj Singh’s statement, which I must confess one hears all the time in India? I cannot remember the number of times I have been informed by someone at a party that “all Muslims are not terrorists but why are all terrorists Muslims?” They’re not. Not even close. The reason is that ‘terrorism’ is today accepted only as that which is perpetrated by Muslims. And the reason for this is the narrative in the media, which has neatly conflated terrorism with Islam and Pakistan. News channels like Times Now run many more programmes firing middle class and Anglicised Indians up against ‘terrorism’ (i.e., violence perpetrated by Muslim extremist groups/Pakistan) than they run shows on the north-east and on Maoism, which claim a far greater number of lives as the figures show.
It is, of course, unfortunate that this should be the case, but we can explain away the common man using such arguments. For a Union minister to hold them as gospel is frightening and shows how wrong-headed the members of this government are.
I said on a TV show after Giriraj’s comment that Modi deliberately chose such unhinged people because they said what he wanted to but couldn’t. He agreed with every word Giriraj said and that is why he was rewarded with a ministry. My comment greatly offended the BJP spokesman on the panel, who read out a list of cabinet ministers who were touched by sobriety, like Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley. But surely these people pick themselves in any BJP cabinet. They’ve been leaders at the centre before Modi. It is the new ministers, like Giriraj and Niranjan Jyoti (famous for referring to non-Hindus as bastards) whom Modi has brought in. And he has done so, as I said, because he agrees with what they say, even though it is manifestly and demonstrably bogus.
Published in The Express Tribune, April 5th, 2015.