The foreign minister of Damascus ally Iran, meanwhile, said he welcomed Syrian opposition leader Ahmed Moaz al Khatib's stated readiness to hold talks with representatives of Assad's regime.
Four days after an air raid which Damascus said targeted a military complex near the capital, Israeli Defence Minister Ehud Barak spoke to reporters in Munich on Sunday but refrained from explicitly confirming that Israel staged the strike.
Barak told the Munich Security Conference that the strike was "another proof that when we say something we mean it."
Wednesday's air strike targeted surface-to-air missiles and an adjacent military complex believed to house chemical agents, according to a US official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
The New York Times, citing a senior US military official, reported Sunday that the air strike may have damaged Syria's main research center on biological and chemical weapons.
Damascus has threatened to retaliate, further fuelling fears of a regional spillover of the country's 22-month conflict which the UN says has already left more than 60,000 people dead.
A fierce critic of both Assad and Israel, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused Israel of waging "state terrorism" as he condemned the air strike on Syria as an unacceptable violation of international law.
"We cannot regard a violation of air space as acceptable. What Israel does is completely against international law... it is beyond condemnation," Erdogan told reporters.
Syrian ally Algeria also condemned the air strike, calling the action "a violation of international law, foreign aggression and a threat to state sovereignty and territorial integrity," in a statement released by the state news agency.
In the wake of the strike, US Defence Secretary Leon Panetta told AFP that Washington was increasingly concerned that Syria's "chaos" could allow Lebanon's powerful Hezbollah movement to obtain sophisticated weapons from Damascus.
Israeli armed forces chief Lieutenant General Benny Gantz on Sunday started a visit to Washington with the Syrian conflict and Iran's controversial nuclear programme on his agenda.
And US Vice President Joe Biden flew to Paris for talks on Monday with President Francois Hollande also covering Syria.
In Damascus, Assad accused Israel of seeking to "destabilise" Syria, state news agency SANA reported.
The raid "unmasked the true role Israel is playing, in collaboration with foreign enemy forces and their agents on Syrian soil," he told Saeed Jalili, who heads Iran's Supreme National Security Council.
Amid the insecurity, Israeli security sources said the Jewish state has plans for a buffer zone inside the Syrian border to prevent radical groups from approaching its territory.
"There's a plan in the military's northern command for the 'day after' according to which, when Bashar Assad is no longer president of Syria, there's a fear that terror elements will try to approach the fence," one source told AFP.
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Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused Israel of waging “state terrorism” as he condemned the air strike on Syria as an unacceptable violation of international law.
In June 2012, a Turkish Air Force plane tried to enter Syrian air space and was shot down by Syria. Turkey and Erdogan were helpless then. Its fairly obvious that Erdogan is hypocritical when he talks of the violation of international law since Turkey tried to do the same thing last year.
The real issue here is that Turkey & Erdogan realize that the Israel Air Force not only entered Syrian airspace, they carried out an air strike, and returned back to their base undetected. It shows the clear difference between the two armed forces. No wonder Erdogan is green with envy and purple with rage.
Damascus will retaliate? Really? How can these guys even say that when they could not even stop IAF from striking targets inside Syria and return unharmed?