Makkah Agreement vision extends beyond Turkiye, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan: Erdogan

The vision in the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement "is not limited" to only Turkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Wednesday, expressing his desire to bring regional countries under the deal.

"Indeed, our vision is not limited to three countries. We want it to expand further and, if possible, one day bring all countries in the region under this framework. This would be one of the most important steps toward achieving lasting regional stability," Erdogan said in an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat, one of the leading Arabic newspapers.

While United States-Iran tensions are important to regional developments, the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement should not be viewed merely as a response to them, Erdogan said, adding: "Such an interpretation would fail to properly understand the policies and intentions of our countries."

Noting that the agreement does not pose a threat to any country, the president said the deal is open to participation by "all brotherly countries that seek peace, prosperity, and stability in our region."

There is a history behind the deal, Erdogan said, pointing to discussions with the other signatories and other regional countries that have been ongoing "for a very long period."

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Noting his remarks on remaining in regular consultation with regional countries in order to strengthen peace, stability and security in the region, Erdogan said Ankara has acted "accordingly" in this regard. "We know the kinds of disasters that externally imposed prescriptions have caused in attempts to resolve the region’s problems. For this reason, Turkiye has always pursued a policy aimed at making the will and collective wisdom of regional countries decisive," he said.

The deal is a representation of "a strategic determination" in response to changing regional circumstances, he said, adding that the trilateral mechanism is not a reaction to "day-to-day developments."

"Turkiye has always favoured diplomacy over tension, dialogue over conflict, and stronger regional cooperation over division. As a country capable of speaking with all parties and assuming responsibility on difficult issues when necessary, we will continue to do our part to establish lasting peace and stability in our region," he further added.

Deal is result of 'new circumstances' in region

The agreement is "the result of the new circumstances" and a shared sense of responsibility, Erdogan said. "We have always favoured regional countries taking ownership of regional issues and resolving them themselves," he added.

"The problems of the region should be resolved by the region’s own actors, and we can say that we have now taken the first step in that direction," he stressed.

Recent developments have highlighted the necessity of solidarity among friendly and brotherly nations, whereas long-term peace necessitates not only an end to conflict but also mutual trust, political will and a shared vision for the future, he noted.

The agreement represents more than cooperation among Turkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, Erdogan said, adding that it is intended as a broader framework for regional stability and remains open to other countries seeking peace and security.

Ankara views the deal as the beginning of a new era of regional cooperation and solidarity, with the possibility of expanding participation in the future, he said.

Agreement 'based on collective deterrence'

Erdogan said the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement is built on the principle of collective deterrence and aims to deepen security and defence cooperation among its members while contributing to regional stability.

The agreement will pave the way for joint defence industry projects and strengthen cooperation in the fight against terrorism, he explained, stressing that it does not target any country. Under the deal, a threat to one member’s security will be treated as a common security concern by the other parties, he said.

He added that the agreement should not be viewed solely as a military arrangement, saying its broader purpose is to reinforce deterrence, strengthen mutual security through solidarity and preserve peace and stability in the region.

Erdogan also said the signatories are sending a message that they will not pose a threat to one another but will instead work to guarantee each other’s security. “The security of one of us is the security of all of us,” he said, adding that an inclusive application of this approach can help establish lasting peace, stability and prosperity across the region.

Regional countries stressed to take 'greater responsibility' for their security

Erdogan said regional countries must take greater responsibility for their own security, stability and future, arguing that the region’s challenges are best addressed by its own countries and peoples. Stronger regional ownership, solidarity and coordination will not only bolster stability in the Middle East but also contribute to global stability, the president said.

He stressed the importance of establishing stronger and more permanent mechanisms among regional countries, including institutionalised cooperation aimed at safeguarding both security and economic stability. “The future of the region cannot be shaped independently of the will of the countries of the region,” Erdogan said.

He added that Turkiye does not seek exclusionary blocs, but rather a regional cooperation framework based on respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual trust and shared interests.

Turkiye, he said, will continue to assume responsibility when necessary and pursue diplomatic initiatives to strengthen regional peace, security and stability.

Agreement to contribute to enhancing security in Gulf

Erdogan said he believed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement will help enhance security in the Gulf region, adding that it aims to promote the region’s prosperity, peace and security.

He underscored the importance of security in the Gulf region for the global economy and international trade. "Many issues, from energy supply security and the safety of maritime routes to the continuity of trade and global economic stability, are directly connected to peace and stability in this region," he further said.

"This is not merely a theoretical statement; developments over the past few months have demonstrated it clearly," he added.

He said the agreement could deepen regional security cooperation and solidarity, stressing that security and economic development are closely linked.

Read More: Saudi Arabia says Makkah agreement with Türkiye, Pakistan 'long-term' deal to boost cooperation

Pointing to Europe’s postwar experience, Erdogan said political stability can pave the way for economic integration and prosperity, adding that trade and investment cannot be sustained without peace.

He also described Gulf stability as strategically important for economic links connecting Asia, Europe and Africa, saying Turkiye views peace and stability in the Gulf as closely tied to its own security and to broader regional peace.

He expressed Turkiye's determination to assume "every responsibility that falls upon us and continue our constructive diplomatic efforts."

Tensions in Strait of Hormuz can affect worldwide economy

Erdogan said the Strait of Hormuz is of global strategic importance because of its role in energy supplies and international trade, warning that tensions there can have worldwide economic consequences.

He said Turkiye hopes the current tensions will ease and that the waterway will return to operating safely, stably and without disruption, stressing that this depends on restraint and keeping diplomatic channels open.

The president reiterated that Turkiye favors dialogue and negotiation over escalation, saying lasting solutions in Hormuz, Ukraine and Palestine can only be achieved through diplomacy.

He added that regional countries bear significant responsibility for the security of the Strait and said stronger regional cooperation and a shared security approach could help ensure its long-term stability. "Our hope and expectation is that the current tensions will end as soon as possible and that the Strait of Hormuz will once again serve international trade safely, stably, and without interruption.

“Achieving this depends on the parties acting with common sense and keeping diplomatic channels open," he added.

Turkiye, Saudi Arabia have 'strategic relationship rooted in shared history'

Erdogan described Turkiye’s ties with Saudi Arabia as "a strategic relationship rooted in shared history, close bonds and mutual interests," saying cooperation between the two countries has gained momentum in recent years. “We regard our relations with Saudi Arabia as a strategic relationship shaped by our shared history, bonds of brotherhood and mutual interests,” the president said.

He said Ankara and Riyadh are strengthening political dialogue while expanding cooperation in trade, investment, defence industries, energy and tourism.

“At a time when our region is undergoing very serious challenges, close consultation and cooperation between Turkiye and Saudi Arabia have become even more important,” he stressed.

Erdogan added that the agreement can further deepen bilateral ties, particularly in defence cooperation.

He also stressed the wider regional impact of instability, saying even a limited crisis could affect neighbouring countries through migration and terrorism. “I believe that in the period ahead, we will take steps that will raise relations between our two countries to much higher levels.”

Lebanon's peace, security have 'great importance' to regional stability

Erdogan said Lebanon’s security and stability are vital to regional peace, stressing the need to protect the country’s sovereignty, political unity and territorial integrity.

“Lebanon’s peace, security and stability are of great importance to the stability of our entire region,” he said, adding that Turkiye opposes foreign interference and efforts to turn Lebanon into “an arena of rivalry among external powers.”

He said the people of Lebanon should make decisions regarding their own future. The president also called for an immediate end to Israeli attacks on Lebanon, saying: “Israel’s attacks against Lebanon must be brought to an immediate end.”

Also Read: Turkish president says Makkah Joint Defence Agreement targets no country, open to other friendly nations

He welcomed ongoing efforts to secure a ceasefire, adding that Lebanon’s security “cannot be considered separately from regional peace.”

“The fate of the Middle East should not continually be written through conflict, destruction and suffering. This region also deserves peace, tranquility and prosperity,” he said.

Erdogan said Turkiye wants Lebanon to regain stability, strengthen its institutions and enable its people to look to the future with confidence. He added that Ankara is ready to provide technical support and deepen cooperation, noting that this commitment was recently conveyed to Lebanese President Joseph Aoun and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam.

Developments in Syria ‘historic turning point’

Erdogan described the developments in Syria as a “historic turning point,” saying the process should enable Syrians to determine their own future while preserving the country’s territorial integrity, political unity and sovereignty. He added that Turkiye hopes the new period will lead to lasting peace, stability and reconstruction after years of war, terrorism and instability that have imposed high costs on the region.

Erdogan also stressed that Ankara will not tolerate any structure in Syria that threatens Turkiye’s national security. “We will also not permit structures in northern Syria, or in any other part of the country, that threaten Turkiye’s security,” he said, adding that Syria’s territorial integrity and Turkiye’s national security are equally important.

He said Syria has made "great progress" since December 2024 in improving security conditions, setting the groundwork for economic development and achieving social reconciliation, with regional support for the Syrian government playing a crucial role.

Erdogan added that Syria’s normalisation has become strategically important for the wider region, saying the country is increasingly being associated with connectivity and development projects rather than instability.

“Now that a new page has been opened in Syria, that page must be written not with new suffering, but with peace, brotherhood, sovereignty and a shared vision for the future,” he said.

The president vowed that Turkiye will continue supporting Syria’s stability and recovery in cooperation with regional and international partners.

Meanwhile, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said the Makkah Defence Agreement was an extension of the bilateral defence pact signed by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia last year.

Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a landmark "Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement", declaring that "any aggression against either country shall be considered an aggression against both".

Early this month, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye formalised their longstanding strategic relationship through the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, a trilateral security framework that its proponents describe as a defensive arrangement aimed at strengthening collective deterrence, enhancing military cooperation and promoting regional stability.