Air pollution threatens rural areas

Air pollution is often seen as an urban issue, but its impact on rural areas is just as severe, quietly undermining traditional ways of life.

According to a doctor, pollution from agricultural practices, waste burning and traditional cooking methods is increasingly harming both health and the environment in the countryside. The consequences include not only respiratory and heart diseases but also economic and environmental challenges that threaten the sustainability of the rural lifestyle, he added.

An environmental expert, Dr Abdur Rehman, said that while city dwellers face smog from industries and traffic, rural communities experience a different type of air pollution. In many villages, traditional stoves are commonly used. The cooking methods, which rely on biomass fuels like wood, crop residue and kerosene, emit harmful fine particulate matter and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, he added.

According to climate expert Dr Nasar Ranjha, the incomplete combustion contributes significantly to pollution, creating indoor air hazards that are especially dangerous for women and children. Particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution are pregnant women, children and the elderly.

Dr Naveed Iqbal, a health expert, said that exposure to fine particulate matter can lead to low birth weight, developmental issues and increased risks of premature birth. Pregnant women exposed to pollutants face higher risks of miscarriage and complications.

For the elderly, who often suffer from pre-existing conditions, air pollution increases the likelihood of chronic respiratory and heart diseases, further straining rural healthcare systems.

Addressing the challenge of air pollution in rural areas requires comprehensive action. Nasar Ranjha suggested enforcing emission standards in industries and promoting cleaner technologies across both urban and rural settings. He emphasised the importance of adopting improved stoves and alternative fuels to reduce indoor air pollution. Awareness campaigns can also educate communities, combined with encouraging practices like using public transport.

An expert also advocated better waste management practices in rural areas, including banning the open burning of trash and crop residues. He recommended promotion of biodegradable material and implementation of recycling and proper disposal systems to reduce pollution levels.