Trump's blizzard of orders faces stormy ride

Democratic-led states and civil rights groups have filed the first lawsuits challenging executive orders US President Donald Trump signed after taking office, including one that seeks to roll back birthright citizenship in the US.

A coalition of 18 Democratic-led states along with the District of Columbia and city of San Francisco filed a lawsuit in federal court in Boston on Tuesday arguing the Republican president's effort to end birthright citizenship is a flagrant violation of the US Constitution.

That lawsuit followed a pair of similar cases filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, immigrant organisations and an expectant mother in the hours after Trump signed the executive order, marking the first major litigation challenging parts of his agenda since he took office on Monday.

"State attorneys general have been preparing for illegal actions like this one, and today's immediate lawsuit sends a clear message to the Trump administration that we will stand up for our residents and their basic constitutional rights," New Jersey Attorney General Matthew Platkin said in a statement.

The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The lawsuits, which were all filed in federal courts in Boston or Concord, New Hampshire, take aim at a central piece of Trump's sweeping immigration crackdown, an order directing federal agencies not to recognise US citizenship for children born in the United States to mothers who are in the country illegally or are present temporarily, such as visa holders, and whose fathers are not citizens or lawful permanent residents.

More lawsuits by Democratic-led states and advocacy groups challenging other aspects of Trump's agenda are expected, with cases already on file challenging the Elon Musk-led Department of Government Efficiency and an order the Republican signed weakening job protections for civil servants.

1898 US SC precedent

Any rulings from judges in Massachusetts and New Hampshire would be reviewed by the Boston-based 1st US Circuit Court of Appeals, whose five active federal judges are all appointees of Democratic presidents, a rarity nationally. The lawsuits argue that the executive order violated the right enshrined in the Citizenship Clause of the US Constitution's 14th Amendment that provides that anyone born in the United States is considered a citizen.

The complaints cite the US Supreme Court's 1898 ruling in United States v Wong Kim Ark, a decision holding that children born in the United States to non-citizen parents are entitled to US citizenship. If allowed to stand, Trump's order would mean more than 150,000 children born annually in the United States would be denied for the first time the right to citizenship, according to the office of Massachusetts Attorney General Andrea Joy Campbell.

"President Trump does not have the authority to take away constitutional rights," she said in a statement.