TikTok bandits terrorise, transfix riverlands
With a showman's flair and an outlaw's moustache, gangster Shahid Lund Baloch dials the hotline on his own most-wanted noticetaunting the authorities who put a bounty on his head.
Staring down the lens in a social media clip, Baloch challenges the official on the phone and his thousands of viewers: "Do you know my circumstances or my reasons for taking up arms?"
The 28-year-old is hiding out in riverine terrain in central Punjab which has long offered refuge to banditsusing the internet to enthral citizens even as he preys on them, police say.
On TikTok, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram he fascinates tens of thousands with messages delivered gun-in-hand, romanticising his rural lifestyle and cultivating a reputation as a champion of the people.
But he is wanted for 28 cases, including murder, abduction and attacks on policewith a Rs10 million price on his head.
"People who are sitting on the outside think he is a hero, but the people here know he is no hero," said Javed Dhillon, a former lawmaker for Rahim Yar Khan district close to the hideouts of Baloch, and other bandits like him.
"They have been at the receiving end of his cruelty and violence."
Baloch is said to dwell on a sandy island in the "Katcha lands"roughly translating as "backwaters" on the Indus River which skewers Pakistan from top to bottom.
High-standing crops provide cover for ambushes and the region is riven by shifting seasonal waterways that complicate pursuit over crimes ranging from kidnapping to highway robbery and smuggling.
At the intersection of three provinces, gangs with hundreds of members have for decades capitalised on poor coordination between police forces by flitting across jurisdictions.
"The natural features of these lands support the criminals," said senior police officer Naveed Wahla. "They'll hide out in a water turbine, move in boats, or through sugarcane crops."
Sweeping operations by police and other security forces have failed to impose law and order. This August, a rocket attack on a police convoy killed 12 officers.
"In the current state of affairs here there is only fear and terror," said Haq Nawaz, whose adult son was abducted in late September for a Rs5 million ransom he cannot afford. "There is no one to look after our wellbeing," he complains.
But the gangs are increasingly online. Some use the web to lay "honey-traps" luring kidnap victims by impersonating romantic suitors or business partners, and advertising cheap sales of tractors or cars.
Some parade hostages in clips for ransom or exhibit arsenals of heavy weapons in musical TikToks. Baloch has by far the largest online profileirking police with a combined 200,000 followers.
Rizwan Gondal, the head police officer of Rahim Yar Khan district, says that his detectives have a dossier proving his "heinous criminal activities". "Police have made multiple efforts to capture him however he escapes," he added.
"He's a very media savvy guy. Let him say, 'I am going to surrender before the state to prove that I am innocent' and let the media cover it."
Police have proposed countering bandits by downgrading mobile phone towers to 2G in the Katcha lands, preventing social media apps from loading. That has not yet happened and would risk cutting communities off further still.
But more low-tech solutions have had some success.