What is Mpox? Everything to know about the virus declared a 'global health emergency'

For the second time since 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday raised the highest alert by declaring Mpox a global health emergency as 14,000 cases have been reported with 524 deaths in Africa with the potential to reach other continents.

What is Mpox?

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus, which is part of the same family as smallpox.

Originally identified in monkeys, the disease can infect various animals and humans.

Although historically rare, recent outbreaks have demonstrated its potential for widespread transmission.

While generally less severe than smallpox, MPOX can still pose significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations.

Global surge in cases

Between January and July 2024, approximately 14,500 MPOX cases and over 450 related deaths were reported, according to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

This marks a 160% increase in infections and a 19% increase in mortality compared to the same period in 2023.

While the Democratic Republic of the Congo accounts for 96% of these cases, the disease has also spread to other nearby nations, including Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, where it is not typically endemic.

How does Mpox spread?

Mpox is primarily transmitted through close contact with an infected person or animal.

Transmission can occur through direct contact with skin lesions or bodily fluids, respiratory droplets from close or prolonged exposure, and contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing.

Recognising symptoms

The symptoms of Mpox can initially mimic other viral infections but typically progress through distinct stages.

Early signs include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swelling of the lymph nodes.

As the infection advances, a rash develops, starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body.

This rash evolves into raised, fluid-filled blisters that eventually scab over.

The disease can also cause fatigue, backache, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea or vomiting.

Global Health Response

As MPOX remains a concern for global health officials, understanding its transmission and symptoms is crucial for managing and preventing its spread.

Public health measures, including awareness and early detection, are key to controlling outbreaks.

Those who suspect infection or exposure to MPOX are urged to seek medical advice and follow recommended preventive measures.

Health authorities and the WHO continue to work towards navigating this ongoing health challenge.