US, China aim to revive climate cooperation as tensions simmer

The United States and China will look to revive efforts to combat global warming this week, in bilateral meetings that observers hope will raise the bar on ambitions ahead of UN-sponsored climate talks in late 2023.

The talks follow two other high-level US visits to China this year, as the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters work to stabilize a relationship strained by trade disputes, military tensions and accusations of spying.

John Kerry, the US special envoy on climate change, arrived in Beijing on Sunday for talks with his Chinese counterpart Xie Zhenhua from Monday through Wednesday. The talks will focus on issues including reducing methane emissions, limiting coal use, curbing deforestation and helping poor countries address climate change.

The pair, who have cultivated a warm relationship over more than two decades of diplomacy, will also likely discuss China’s objections to US tariffs and other restrictions on imports of Chinese solar panel and battery components, observers say.

Washington is seeking to protect US manufacturers from low-cost competitors in China, including those it suspects of using forced labor, which Beijing denies.

"I wouldn't look for breakthroughs in these meetings but my hope is that they restore normal alignment and diplomacy," said David Sandalow, director of the US-China program at the Center on Global Energy Policy.

Kerry addressed his objectives for the China trip at a House foreign relations subcommittee hearing on Thursday, saying: "What we're trying to achieve now is really to establish some stability with the relationship without conceding anything.”

Republicans have accused the Biden administration of being too soft on Beijing in climate diplomacy, arguing that China continues to increase its greenhouse gas emissions while the United States imposes costly measures to clean up.

Kerry is the third US official after Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen to visit China this year to try to reestablish a stable bilateral relationship.

Both countries say they should be able to collaborate on climate change regardless of other disagreements.

Li Shuo from Greenpeace in Beijing said the scheduled talks showed climate change "is still the touchstone for the most important bilateral relationship of the world."

Rekindling Ties

Talks between the US and China have a history of boosting global climate negotiations, including setting the foundation for the Paris climate accord in 2015, when governments agreed to limit the industrial-era rise in global temperatures to 1.5 C.

But broader tensions have chilled the relationship since, including Trump-era tariffs on Chinese goods including solar panels, the visit of former US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan last year, and a US law blocking imports of goods from the Xinjiang region where Washington believes China uses forced labour.

After Pelosi's August trip to Taiwan, a democratically-governed island that China claims as part of its territory, Beijing said it would halt all dialogue with Washington on climate change. The two countries only resumed informal climate talks in November at the COP27 summit in Egypt.

US passage of the sweeping Inflation Reduction Act, whose tax credits for domestic clean energy production seek to counter China's dominance in the sector and revive US manufacturing, have also ramped up tensions.

And while China has added more renewable energy than the rest of the world combined, it has also made a strong foray back to coal – a major concern for Washington. In 2022, China issued its highest number of new permits for coal plants since 2015, according to the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) and the Global Energy Monitor (GEM).

"While the US will raise the issue of halting development of new coal generation, it seems unlikely that China will give any assurances on this issue," said Alden Meyer, a Senior Associate at the E3G think tank and long-time climate negotiations observer.

“And while China will likely raise the issue of US tariffs on Chinese solar technology, it is unlikely that the US will announce any changes on that front," he said.

During Yellen's visit last month, she made a public push to get China to participate in the UN-run funds to help poorer nations address climate change. China, which considers itself a developing nation, has resisted.

Fang Li, China director at the World Resources Institute, said she also expects the United States to push China to strengthen its national climate pledge under the Paris agreement but may face reluctance from a Chinese side irked by US trade barriers.