The hidden toll

As the world undergoes a dramatic transformation due to the relentless forces of climate change, it’s not just the visible scars of rising temperatures and ecological disturbances that demand our attention. In the shadows, a hidden toll silently unravels, affecting the mental well-being of both humans and animals. Recent cyclone Biparjoy threat and heavy rainfalls in Pakistan have triggered mass evacuations in the country, highlighting the immediate and long-term mental health consequences faced by vulnerable coastal areas and their communities. The losses of homes, displacement and disruption of livelihoods have added significant psychological distress to an already challenging situation. The mental toll falls disproportionately on those with limited resources, access to healthcare, and support systems.

Psychological footprints of natural disasters: The increasing frequency and intensity of climate change-induced natural disasters in the country have devastating effects on mental health. Loss of homes, livelihoods and loved ones, combined with the fear and uncertainty during these events, contribute to heightened rates of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dr Sarah Johnson, a psychologist specialising in disaster mental health, states, “The psychological impact of natural disasters is immense. The trauma, grief and uncertainty experienced during and after these events can have long-lasting effects on the mental well-being of survivors.” The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change underscores the urgent need for culturally sensitive support systems to address the mental health consequences faced by indigenous communities.

Eco-anxiety: It is a psychological phenomenon that has emerged as a result of the overwhelming awareness of climate change and its consequences. Individuals experiencing eco-anxiety often exhibit heightened stress levels, sleep disturbances and a pervasive sense of helplessness. Research published in the journal Global Environmental Change suggests that it is more prevalent among younger generations, who face a future burdened by the consequences of climate change. As the fifth most populous nation in the world, it is alarming to note that 63 per cent of the population falls within the age group of youngsters, indicating the potential impact of eco-anxiety on a large segment of the country.

Brunt of evacuations and migration: The occurrence of recent natural disasters has triggered large-scale evacuations and forced migrations, underscoring the grave ramifications of climate change-induced phenomena. The resulting forced displacement carries significant mental health implications, as individuals uprooted from their homes often experience profound feelings of loss, grief and disorientation. Consequently, the rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD are elevated among those affected by such evacuations and migrations. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050, climate change will result in an additional 200 million people being displaced globally. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), climate change is the leading cause of displacement, affecting an average of 21.5 million people annually between 2008 and 2016.

Mental wellbeing of animals: Climate change exerts a profound influence not only on human mental health but also on the overall well-being of animals. Recent natural disaster events in Pakistan, including cyclone and heavy rains, have accentuated these impacts, amplifying concerns for animal welfare. Wildlife populations bear the brunt of climate change-induced challenges such as habitat loss, diminished food availability and increased disease transmission resulting from ecosystem shifts. As a consequence, animals experience a range of mental health implications, including abnormal behaviours, heightened aggression and reduced reproductive success. National Wildlife Federation highlights that climate change impacts on wildlife, such as changes in migration patterns and habitat loss, can disrupt ecosystems and negatively affect the mental well-being of animals. This disruption can lead to increased stress, aggression and reduced breeding success.

As we navigate the complexities of a changing climate, it is vital to recognise that mental health is an integral part of our collective well-being. By addressing the hidden toll of climate change on mental health, we can create a future that not only prioritises environmental sustainability but also ensures the psychological well-being of present and future generations. Let us join forces to create a world where both our planet and our minds thrive in harmony.

Published in The Express Tribune, June 20^th, 2023.

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