First known US Omicron case found in fully vaccinated overseas traveller

The United States on Wednesday identified its first known Covid case caused by the Omicron variant, discovered in a fully vaccinated patient who travelled to South Africa, as scientists continue to study the risks the new version could pose.

Public health officials said the infected person, who had mild and improving symptoms, returned to the United States from South Africa on Nov 22 and tested positive seven days later.

That patient was fully vaccinated but did not have a booster shot, according to Dr Anthony Fauci, the top US infectious disease official, who briefed reporters at the White House.

The person is in self-quarantine and all of the patient's close contacts have tested negative, he said.

Key questions remain about the new variant, which mutated in ways that health experts think could improve its ability to both spread and evade some of the defences provided by vaccines. Work is underway to update those vaccines, if necessary.

Omicron has been found in two dozen countries, including several in Europe plus Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong and Israel.

The United States has not yet detected community transmission of Omicron. Across much of the country, Covid transmission remains high but new cases have held fairly steady over the last two weeks, according to a Reuters tally. Three-quarters of all Covid samples in South Africa are now Omicron.

Also read: US tightens travel rules as more countries secure borders to quell Omicron

"The critical thing is, over the next week or so, will we see any community transmission from that case," said Andy Pekosz, virologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "That's a critical thing that we want to keep an eye on."

Pekosz said the variant could make the relatively new set of antiviral pills from Merck and Pfizer more important by helping to reduce the severity of infections.

Fauci said it could take two weeks or more to gain insight into how easily the variant spreads from person to person, how severe is the disease it causes and whether it can bypass the protections provided by vaccines currently available.

The Biden administration has asked fully vaccinated people to seek booster shots after their initial doses. Sixty per cent of Americans are fully vaccinated and about a fifth of those people took boosters, according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

For days, US health officials have said the new variant -first detected in southern Africa and announced on Nov 25 - was likely already in the United States as dozens of other countries also detected its presence.

"This new variant is a cause for concern but not a cause for panic," Biden said on Wednesday before the Omicron case was announced. A spokesperson, Jen Psaki, said he the president had been briefed by his team on the first known US case.