Speaking at the opening of a rare meeting of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation's central council, Abbas said Palestinians were facing perhaps the "most dangerous stage" in their history, highlighting a series of controversial measures taken by Trump including recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
Abbas has boycotted Trump's administration since that December decision, though the US president's team is still expected to release a peace plan in the coming months.
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Abbas compared the expected Trump proposal to the 1917 Balfour Declaration, which saw the British government commit to the creation of a state for Jews in historic Palestine.
"If the Balfour Declaration passed, this deal will not pass," he pledged.
The US has also cut hundreds of millions of dollars in aid for
Palestinians, with Trump angered by Abbas's refusal to meet with him or members of his administration.
He has called on Abbas to negotiate, but Palestinian leaders say they are being blackmailed to accept Trump's terms, which they see as blatantly biased in favour of Israel.
"They are still talking about the deal of the era, and that they will present it after a month or two," Abbas added, saying Trump's actions amounted to imposing a deal unilaterally.
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The Palestinian leader also renewed his support for salaries for families of Palestinians killed or jailed by Israel.
Israel brands the payments for families of those who have carried out anti-Israel attacks as encouraging "terrorism", and the United States has also criticised them.
Palestinians see those jailed or killed while carrying out attacks as fighting Israel's ongoing occupation.
"The salaries of our martyrs and prisoners are a red line," Abbas said.
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