Over the course of 65 years, 20 of 39 Dutch cardinals, bishops and their auxiliaries "covered up sexual abuse, allowing the perpetrators to cause many more victims", the daily NRC reported.
"Four abused children and 16 others allowed the transfer of paedophile priests who could have caused new victims in other parishes," the Dutch newspaper added.
Church spokesperson Daphne van Roosendaal told AFP the church could "confirm a part" of the report.
Pope meets with US church leaders over clergy sex abuse
Other elements were based on anonymous information provided by a victims' assistance unit set up by the church.
"The names of several bishops correspond to those named in a report commissioned by the Church in 2010," the spokesperson said.
Most of the accused clerics have since died, and the statute of limitations has expired in all cases, she added. Those still alive declined to comment, NRC said.
It is the latest in a slew of assault allegations against the Catholic Church spanning several continents.
Catholic priests abused thousands in Germany: study
People in Australia, Europe, and North and South America have charged they were sexually abused by clergymen and lay people, in what German Archbishop Georg Gaenswein has called the Church's "own 9/11".
In August, Pope Francis declined to comment on a claim that he ignored sexual abuse allegations against a senior clergyman in the United States.
On Wednesday, the German Catholic Church said it was it was "dismayed and ashamed" by decades of child sex abuse by priests.
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