Ending poverty in Pakistan
The international day to end poverty was observed globally earlier this week
The author is Vice-President of the South Asia Region of the World Bank
The international day to end poverty was observed globally earlier this week. There has been much progress towards this important milestone: the World Bank Group’s latest numbers show that since 1990 nearly 1.1 billion people have escaped extreme poverty. Between 2012 and 2013 alone, around 100 million people moved out of extreme poverty. That’s around a quarter of a million people every day. This is cause for optimism.
But extreme poverty and the wrenching circumstances that accompany it persist. Half the world’s extreme poor now live in sub-Saharan Africa, and another third live in South Asia. Worldwide nearly 800 million people were still living on less than $1.90 a day in 2013, the latest year for which we have global numbers. Half of these are children. Most have nearly no education. In a world in which so many have so much, it is unacceptable that so many have so little.
The international community has laid out a clear vision of what the world looks like in 2030 — it is a world free from extreme poverty with more opportunity for all. Everyone should have a chance for a better life and we know it’s possible. This is why the World Bank Group has committed to two clear goals: ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity for the poorest 40 per cent of people in every country.
But we have much further to go, and we know that the road ahead may not be easy. Our most recent flagship report pointed towards inequality as a persistent barrier to progress, and one that we will have to tackle if we want to achieve our goals. The global story on inequality is mixed. The gap between people in the world has been shrinking since 1990, mostly due to populous countries such as China and India catching up to richer countries. And even within countries, inequality has been falling in many countries since 2008—for every country that saw an increase in inequality during this time period, two others saw a similar decrease. However, inequality is still far too high across the world. Inequality in South Asia appears to be moderate when looking at standard measures such as the Gini index, which are based on consumption expenditures per capita. But other pieces of evidence reveal enormous gaps, from extravagant wealth at one end to lack of access to the most basic services at the other.
At the World Bank Group, we see three clear ways to achieve these goals. Together with our partners we can promote sustainable economic growth through boosting private investment in infrastructure. Together with our partners we can invest in human capital starting from a child’s early years, because people with better skills, education, health and training will make the biggest difference to countries’ ability to grow and compete. In Pakistan, for example, we are a partner in the government’s Benazir Income Support Programme, which reaches more than 5 million people through making payments to female head of households. Together we can foster resilience to global shocks, including forced displacement, climate change and pandemics, which threaten to roll back our hard-fought development gains. South Asia, for example, is vulnerable to natural disasters, as 2015’s earthquake in Nepal illustrated with its tragic loss of life. From Afghanistan to Bangladesh, much of South Asia is located in one of the highest seismically active regions in the world. More than 600 million people live along the fault line across the Himalayan belt that runs through Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan. Disaster preparedness is a must as these disasters fall hardest on the poor.
South Asia is the world’s fastest growing region but we cannot rely solely on economic growth to end poverty. A country’s growth must benefit the poorest the most, and unlock opportunities for today’s extreme poor to get better jobs.
I believe that it is possible to end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity among the poorest 40 per cent in every country. We look forward to continuing our work with all partners across South Asia — citizens, governments, civil society, and the private sector. Together, we can do it — we must do it.
Published in The Express Tribune, October 19th, 2016.
But extreme poverty and the wrenching circumstances that accompany it persist. Half the world’s extreme poor now live in sub-Saharan Africa, and another third live in South Asia. Worldwide nearly 800 million people were still living on less than $1.90 a day in 2013, the latest year for which we have global numbers. Half of these are children. Most have nearly no education. In a world in which so many have so much, it is unacceptable that so many have so little.
The international community has laid out a clear vision of what the world looks like in 2030 — it is a world free from extreme poverty with more opportunity for all. Everyone should have a chance for a better life and we know it’s possible. This is why the World Bank Group has committed to two clear goals: ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity for the poorest 40 per cent of people in every country.
But we have much further to go, and we know that the road ahead may not be easy. Our most recent flagship report pointed towards inequality as a persistent barrier to progress, and one that we will have to tackle if we want to achieve our goals. The global story on inequality is mixed. The gap between people in the world has been shrinking since 1990, mostly due to populous countries such as China and India catching up to richer countries. And even within countries, inequality has been falling in many countries since 2008—for every country that saw an increase in inequality during this time period, two others saw a similar decrease. However, inequality is still far too high across the world. Inequality in South Asia appears to be moderate when looking at standard measures such as the Gini index, which are based on consumption expenditures per capita. But other pieces of evidence reveal enormous gaps, from extravagant wealth at one end to lack of access to the most basic services at the other.
At the World Bank Group, we see three clear ways to achieve these goals. Together with our partners we can promote sustainable economic growth through boosting private investment in infrastructure. Together with our partners we can invest in human capital starting from a child’s early years, because people with better skills, education, health and training will make the biggest difference to countries’ ability to grow and compete. In Pakistan, for example, we are a partner in the government’s Benazir Income Support Programme, which reaches more than 5 million people through making payments to female head of households. Together we can foster resilience to global shocks, including forced displacement, climate change and pandemics, which threaten to roll back our hard-fought development gains. South Asia, for example, is vulnerable to natural disasters, as 2015’s earthquake in Nepal illustrated with its tragic loss of life. From Afghanistan to Bangladesh, much of South Asia is located in one of the highest seismically active regions in the world. More than 600 million people live along the fault line across the Himalayan belt that runs through Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan. Disaster preparedness is a must as these disasters fall hardest on the poor.
South Asia is the world’s fastest growing region but we cannot rely solely on economic growth to end poverty. A country’s growth must benefit the poorest the most, and unlock opportunities for today’s extreme poor to get better jobs.
I believe that it is possible to end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity among the poorest 40 per cent in every country. We look forward to continuing our work with all partners across South Asia — citizens, governments, civil society, and the private sector. Together, we can do it — we must do it.
Published in The Express Tribune, October 19th, 2016.