The inexplicable nature of Indian real estate
One of the strangest things about Indian cities today is how expensive real estate is
The writer is the editor and translator of Why I write: Essays by Saadat Hasan Manto, published by Westland in 2014. His book, India, Low Trust Society, will be published by Random House. He is Executive Director of Amnesty International India. The views expressed here are his own aakar.patel@tribune.com.pk
Afew years ago, my one-day-old car was stolen from outside my home in Mumbai’s Bandra neighbourhood. I went to the police station to file an FIR and was told to meet the senior inspector. He was a plump man of about 50, who was at his desk circling classified advertisements in a newspaper. After I had told him about the theft of my car I asked what he was doing. He said he was retiring soon and would have to leave his official quarters. His wife had been pressing him to buy a house and he was shortlisting what was available. I asked if he had found anything and he laughed and said: “There is nothing here I can afford.”
One of the strangest things about Indian cities today is how expensive real estate is. I often cycle to work but on days that I do not, or I cannot because of the rain, I take a taxi. It is a distance of six kilometres and the fare is between INR85 and INR100, depending on traffic. It is impossible to get a taxi for this price in any major city of the world. In London, a trip of the same distance would be over INR1,200. The same is true for New York, Tokyo, Helsinki and Paris. It may be slightly cheaper in Dubai and Shanghai, but not as cheap as in Bangalore, where I now live. The same is true for food. One can get a reasonably good meal for about INR50 in many parts of India but this is not possible in all the cities I have named above. INR50 represents half a pound in London or about 70 cents in New York, and that is just loose change.
When it comes to real estate, the thing reverses. The new building next to mine has two flats available for sale, and the asking price is INR7 crore. The building a couple of hundred yards further down also has two flats available and these are for over INR5 crore. There are at least two dozen hoardings advertising properties on the road to the city’s airport. Many of these mention the price and there is nothing for less than INR4 crore and these are all properties on the outskirts of the city. Sometimes I see a hoarding for basic, middle class homes and even these are not particularly cheap. When I lived in Bandra, I stayed in rented homes. Today the rent in those places starts at Rs1.5 lakh a month and the price of the properties is over INR7 crore. These are basic two-bedroom apartments in buildings that are not fancy and offer nothing special. For such prices you could get a place inside New York city and inside London. INR7 crore is a million dollars and will bring you a handsome place in any city in the world.
The truly strange thing is that the conversion of the Indian rupee’s actual value makes India’s real estate even more expensive. The Indian rupee has a purchasing power parity of more than three to the dollar. Meaning that with one rupee in India, you can buy three times what you can buy with that value in America. That is why my taxi fare of INR100 is actually equal to about INR300 in New York and then it doesn’t seem so low. Similarly, my meal of INR50 becomes INR150. But by the same logic, the flat of INR7 crore now becomes INR21 crore. In the same cities where transport and food are much cheaper than most parts of the world, real estate is outrageously expensive. The question is why.
One easy answer is that the British built and left some excellent neighbourhoods and these are unique. This explains why Lutyens Delhi or South Mumbai are so much more expensive than other parts of Delhi or Mumbai. But it doesn’t explain the issue of why flats in Bangalore should cost so much. The other thing is: who buys these places and where and how do these people make their money? Only 5,430 Indians pay income tax of more than INR1 crore. I know that there is very high non-compliance of income tax payment but even that does not explain who these individuals are, who are buying the multi-crore flats in every city of India. Corporate salaries are high for a few hundred individuals who might be CEOs or in the second and third highest jobs at major companies. But that still does not explain the thousands of flats and hundreds of buildings which I can see all around me. It is a very strange thing, the price of real estate in India, and I wish someone would explain to me why this mismatch of value in this one area exists.
Published in The Express Tribune, July 3rd, 2016.
One of the strangest things about Indian cities today is how expensive real estate is. I often cycle to work but on days that I do not, or I cannot because of the rain, I take a taxi. It is a distance of six kilometres and the fare is between INR85 and INR100, depending on traffic. It is impossible to get a taxi for this price in any major city of the world. In London, a trip of the same distance would be over INR1,200. The same is true for New York, Tokyo, Helsinki and Paris. It may be slightly cheaper in Dubai and Shanghai, but not as cheap as in Bangalore, where I now live. The same is true for food. One can get a reasonably good meal for about INR50 in many parts of India but this is not possible in all the cities I have named above. INR50 represents half a pound in London or about 70 cents in New York, and that is just loose change.
When it comes to real estate, the thing reverses. The new building next to mine has two flats available for sale, and the asking price is INR7 crore. The building a couple of hundred yards further down also has two flats available and these are for over INR5 crore. There are at least two dozen hoardings advertising properties on the road to the city’s airport. Many of these mention the price and there is nothing for less than INR4 crore and these are all properties on the outskirts of the city. Sometimes I see a hoarding for basic, middle class homes and even these are not particularly cheap. When I lived in Bandra, I stayed in rented homes. Today the rent in those places starts at Rs1.5 lakh a month and the price of the properties is over INR7 crore. These are basic two-bedroom apartments in buildings that are not fancy and offer nothing special. For such prices you could get a place inside New York city and inside London. INR7 crore is a million dollars and will bring you a handsome place in any city in the world.
The truly strange thing is that the conversion of the Indian rupee’s actual value makes India’s real estate even more expensive. The Indian rupee has a purchasing power parity of more than three to the dollar. Meaning that with one rupee in India, you can buy three times what you can buy with that value in America. That is why my taxi fare of INR100 is actually equal to about INR300 in New York and then it doesn’t seem so low. Similarly, my meal of INR50 becomes INR150. But by the same logic, the flat of INR7 crore now becomes INR21 crore. In the same cities where transport and food are much cheaper than most parts of the world, real estate is outrageously expensive. The question is why.
One easy answer is that the British built and left some excellent neighbourhoods and these are unique. This explains why Lutyens Delhi or South Mumbai are so much more expensive than other parts of Delhi or Mumbai. But it doesn’t explain the issue of why flats in Bangalore should cost so much. The other thing is: who buys these places and where and how do these people make their money? Only 5,430 Indians pay income tax of more than INR1 crore. I know that there is very high non-compliance of income tax payment but even that does not explain who these individuals are, who are buying the multi-crore flats in every city of India. Corporate salaries are high for a few hundred individuals who might be CEOs or in the second and third highest jobs at major companies. But that still does not explain the thousands of flats and hundreds of buildings which I can see all around me. It is a very strange thing, the price of real estate in India, and I wish someone would explain to me why this mismatch of value in this one area exists.
Published in The Express Tribune, July 3rd, 2016.