Bahrain's King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa pictured in August 2013. PHOTO: Reuters
Separately, a court jailed 24 Shias for violence and taking part in unlicensed protests.
An amendment to the 1976 penal code says that "publicly offending the king of Bahrain, its national flag or emblem" will carry a minimum one-year and a maximum seven-year sentence, as well as a fine of up to $26,000, state news agency BNA reported.
The sentence can exceed seven years if the "offence was committed in the presence of the king," the report added, without providing details.
Previously, the same charges carried a minimum sentence of only a few days.
In 2012, a criminal court jailed two activists for one and four months, respectively, after their conviction for posting on Twitter remarks deemed insulting to the king.
Meanwhile, the Manama criminal court sentenced 23 Shias to five years in jail for attacks with petrol bombs and taking part in an unlicensed protest.
Another Shia was jailed for three years.
Arab Spring-inspired protests in mid-February 2011 were met by a crackdown a month later, backed by Saudi-led Gulf forces that rolled into Bahrain in support of the al-Khalifa dynasty.
Demonstrators, that sometimes chant "Down with Hamad," frequently clash with security forces in villages outside the capital.
At least 89 people have been killed in since the protests began, according to the International Federation for Human Rights.
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it still better than what syria is doing to its (major)minority in govt (and strength) sunni population