The United States sent the FBI to investigate after Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing vanished from radar early Saturday somewhere at sea between Malaysia and Vietnam, but stressed there was no evidence of terrorism yet.
Indications that the plane may have deviated from its route only compounded the anxiety of relatives, many of them Chinese, desperate for news of their loved ones.
"There is a distinct possibility the airplane did a turn-back, deviating from the course," said Malaysia's air force chief, General Rodzali Daud, citing radar data.
But Malaysia Airlines (MAS) chief executive Ahmad Jauhari Yahya said the Boeing 777's systems would have set off alarm bells.
"When there is an air turn-back the pilot would be unable to proceed as planned," he said, adding authorities were "quite puzzled" over the situation.
Malaysian authorities have expanded their search for wreckage to the country's west coast after initially concentrating to the east in the South China Sea.
A total of 40 ships and 22 aircraft from an array of countries including Malaysia's neighbours, China and the US are now involved in the hunt across the two areas, officials said, with two Australian surveillance aircraft also due to join the search.
After it emerged that two people boarded the flight with stolen European passports, Malaysia's transport minister Hishammuddin Hussein said he was looking at four suspect passengers in all.
The minister declined to offer details, saying authorities were examining "the entire manifest", but confirmed the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was dispatching personnel to Malaysia.
"At the same time our own intelligence has been activated, and of course, the counter-terrorism units... from all the relevant countries have been informed," Hishammuddin said, refusing also to rule out the possibility of a hijack.
A Malaysian civil aviation official said authorities still so far believe only two passengers had used stolen passports and were examining CCTV footage of them.
"We will review all security protocols and, if needed, we will enhance them," Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak was quoted as saying in The Star newspaper.
He stressed: "If necessary, because we still do not know the cause of the incident."
Flight MH370 had relayed no distress signal, indications of rough weather, or other signs of trouble. Both Malaysia's national carrier and the Boeing 777-200 model used on the route are known for their solid safety records.
Technical advisors from Boeing and the US Federal Aviation Administration are en route to Asia to help in the probe.
In a statement, Boeing offered "its deepest concern to the families" of the missing passengers and crew.
The flight vanished about an hour after taking off from Kuala Lumpur. A total of 153 Chinese nationals were on board, and relatives camped out at the main international airport in China's capital bemoaned the lack of news Sunday.
"The airline company didn't contact me, it was a friend," a middle-aged woman surnamed Nan told reporters, holding back tears, after finding out her brother-in-law was on the flight.
"I can't understand the airline company. They should have contacted the families first thing," she said.
MAS insisted it was doing its best to keep relatives informed given the confusion surrounding the plane's fate, and was preparing to fly some of them out to Malaysia on Monday to be closer to the search-and-rescue operation.
As nightfall approached on Sunday, the Vietnamese official in charge of coordinating the search said there was still no trace of any wreckage at sea.
Rear Admiral Ngo Van Phat told AFP that he had "no information" on an assertion by another Vietnamese officer that boats had been sent to investigate an object floating in the South China Sea.
Two European names -- reported as Christian Kozel, an Austrian, and Luigi Maraldi of Italy -- were listed on the passenger manifest but neither man boarded the plane, officials said. Both had their passports stolen in Thailand over the past two years.
China Southern Airlines, which has a code-share agreement with MAS, listed one Italian and one Austrian among its ticketed passengers on the flight. There were no other passengers of those nationalities listed on the MAS manifest.
Meanwhile, a Chinese national whose passport number was listed on the manifest did not board the plane and was still in China, China's state media reported, adding the passport was never stolen.
In Washington, a US administration official said authorities were aware of the passports issue but had "not determined a nexus to terrorism yet".
The flight carried 227 passengers and 12 crew. A US semiconductor company based in Texas said 20 of its employees were on the flight -- a dozen from Malaysia and eight from China.
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We should send out experts to the scene. We are the ones who have most experience dealing with bombings, suicide bombings and blowing up human lives en-mass to inflict most damage to human lives.
Any Modern Airliner just doesn't go down in the split of a secod it tells the Pilot in Advance when there is any problem. If the Pilot fails to correct it only then does disaster take place. No distress call is a sure sign that something happened very quickly giving no time to the Pilot to contact the Radar Control or give a May Day call. I am confident that Foul Play took place & it was either shot down or blown up by placig a Time Device in the Aircraft.