Chinese researchers discover world's first heat-resistant rice gene

Gene named QT12 identified by researchers from Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan boosts yields by 78%

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Chinese scientists have discovered a key gene that significantly improves rice’s tolerance to extreme heat while preserving grain quality and boosting yields — a breakthrough with major implications for food security amid climate change.

The gene, named QT12, was identified by researchers from Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, central China. Their findings were published Wednesday in the prestigious journal Cell.

QT12 works by interacting with the NF-Y protein complex, forming a protective mechanism inside rice grains under high temperatures.

This interaction shields the grains from heat stress while stabilizing starch and protein synthesis, according to Li Yibo, the study’s corresponding author.

The team conducted extensive field trials during last year’s heatwave across key rice-producing cities — Wuhan, Hangzhou, and Changsha — all located within the Yangtze River basin, which accounts for roughly two-thirds of China’s rice production.

Incorporating QT12 into the hybrid rice variety “Huazhan” resulted in yield increases of 49.1% in Wuhan, 77.9% in Hangzhou, and 31.2% in Changsha, while also enhancing grain quality.

“These results demonstrate QT12’s potential as a powerful tool to combat yield loss caused by rising global temperatures,” Li said. “This gene offers a novel molecular strategy to breed rice that performs well under heat stress without compromising quality.”

To accelerate real-world application, the research team has begun collaborations with domestic agricultural companiesto integrate QT12 into commercial breeding programs.

With global warming posing increasing risks to food crops, this discovery could play a vital role in safeguarding rice production in China and other heat-prone regions worldwide.

Tags: heat-resistant rice gene, QT12, Huazhong Agricultural University, climate-resilient crops, rice yield under heat, NF-Y complex, hybrid rice Huazhan, Yangtze River basin, rice farming innovation, Cell journal rice study