What has ailed Pakistan since its very inception is not external enemies but internal challenges. Extremism, terrorism, insurgencies and radicalisation, intensified by the government's inadequate policies to address them, have wreaked havoc on the country. These internal threats, if left unaddressed, will continue to undermine Pakistan's stability and progress. Reforming education is the first step toward addressing these issues.
Education is not merely about academic achievement; it is a subject that shapes attitudes, behaviours and worldviews. In a diverse society like Pakistan, where radicalisation, extremism and intolerance have disrupted social harmony, education holds the transformative power to rebuild a cohesive community. The true purpose of education lies in cultivating positive thinking, harmony and respect for diversity, equipping individuals to challenge extremist narratives, reject intolerance and embrace peaceful coexistence.
A lack of access to quality education leaves individuals vulnerable to extremist ideologies. In Pakistan, many young people are drawn toward radical groups due to limited opportunities and insufficient exposure to diverse perspectives. Outdated curricula and the influence of unregulated religious institutions contribute to these issues. What we need is better content that effectively counters radicalisation.
To tackle extremism, education must extend beyond basic literacy. It should promote fraternity and peaceful coexistence; encourage questioning of extremist narratives; and build an understanding of diverse beliefs. A well-rounded education system introduces students to different cultures, religions and ideologies, shaping a mindset of tolerance and understanding. The government's introduction of the Single National Curriculum (SNC) aims to address disparities in education. However, the curriculum must include content that promotes harmony, tolerance and peaceful coexistence. If implemented effectively, such reforms can reduce the vulnerability of young minds to radicalisation.
The gender gap in education remains alarming. According to Unicef, nearly 32% of primary school-aged girls in Pakistan are out of school. Excluding women from education perpetuates cycles of deprivation and ignorance. An inclusive education system empowers women and marginalised communities, giving them a voice in society and reducing the appeal of extremist ideologies. Bridging the gender gap is essential for building a resilient and inclusive society.
Religious intolerance has been a principal source of conflict in Pakistan, with sectarian violence and hate speech targeting minority communities. Teaching students to appreciate religious diversity and understand the shared values underpinning different faiths can play a vital role in addressing religious intolerance. Introducing comparative religion courses in schools can foster mutual respect and understanding among students.
To combat extremism and intolerance, Pakistan must undertake comprehensive education reforms. The curriculum should be updated to encourage tolerance, empathy and critical thinking while teaching harmony among diverse religious and ethnic groups. Teacher training programmes must equip faculty to teach peace education, conflict resolution and facilitate respectful discussions on sensitive topics.
Education is a powerful remedy for radicalisation, extremism and intolerance. It must be made accessible to areas that have faced neglect for decades, particularly in remote regions of Balochistan and KP. Providing quality education in these areas can help build a society where individuals are less susceptible to extremist ideologies and more inclined toward peaceful coexistence.
For education to become a practical solution, reforms must prioritise accessibility, curriculum updates and teacher training. Pakistan's future centres on its ability to invest in education as a tool for social reform. A well-educated population is the best defence not only against extremism and intolerance but also terrorism and radicalisation. It is time to recognise that education is not just for earning a living - it is for life.
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