Corporal punishment: impacts on a child’s psyche

The persistence of corporal punishment in our educational and parental systems raises crucial questions about its impact on a child’s personality. In this comprehensive study, we investigate the reasons behind the continued practice of corporal punishment and its debilitating effects on children’s growth, both mentally and physically. We examine the views of learned educationists and psychologists who have analysed this issue at its core and proposed remedial measures to curb this practice. It is essential to recognise that all forms of punishment that cause discomfort to a student, whether it’s spanking, ear-pulling, kicking, smacking, or more, are condemnable acts that hinder a child’s natural capabilities.

Corporal punishment profoundly and enduringly impacts a child’s development. From increased aggression and antisocial behaviour to lower intellectual achievement and strained parent-child relationships, the repercussions are numerous. Moreover, it can lead to mental health problems, such as depression, and hinder the internalisation of moral values. This highlights the preliminary role that teachers play in shaping a child’s mental capacity. Parents, too, must act as guides and sources of positive motivation for moral and societal development. A lack of commitment from both teachers and parents can contribute to deviant behaviour in children, ultimately impacting society as a whole.

As per reports, corporal punishment, found globally in homes and schools, affects about 60% of children aged 2–14, regardless of gender or household income. Even mild punishment holds potential for escalation. Evidence suggests those using corporal punishment are likelier to engage in severe maltreatment. This practice leads to detrimental outcomes: physical and mental health issues, impaired development, poor education, increased aggression, and violence perpetuation. Notably, corporal punishment infringes on children’s rights to dignity, health, education, and freedom from torture or degrading treatment.

International human rights organisations have long recognised the need to curb child harassment and physical harm. Their agenda includes eliminating corporal punishment, emphasising the urgency of resolving this issue. A substantial number of countries, around 128 to be precise, have strictly banned corporal punishment and implemented laws against those who inflict it on children. Sweden, for example, was among the pioneers in this movement.

In Pakistan, efforts have been made to protect children from corporal punishment. The ‘Prohibition of Corporal Punishment Bill 2014’ and ‘The Sindh Prohibition of Corporal Punishment Act 2016’ are examples of legislative steps taken to safeguard children’s rights. Pakistan is also a signatory to various international human rights treaties, further emphasising its commitment to protecting children from harm.

Renowned psychologists, including Sigmund Freud, have voiced their opposition to corporal punishment. They have argued that any form of punishment can lead to mental health issues that hinder learning and development. Research has consistently shown that children subjected to aggressive treatment during infancy are more likely to exhibit similar behaviours during adolescence. Therefore, it is necessary that we refrain from violent treatment of children, whether at school or home.

Corporal punishment remains a contentious issue with far-reaching implications for a child’s personality and development. The evidence overwhelmingly supports the idea that this practice is detrimental, causing long-term harm to children, both mentally and physically. There is need to seek guidance from educationist, psychologists and international human rights organisations. It is incumbent upon society, including parents and educators, to adopt alternative disciplinary methods that nurture a child’s growth rather than impair it. With stringent legislation and a collective commitment to ending corporal punishment, we can ensure a brighter and healthier future for our children. It is time to move away from the shadows of the past and embrace a more compassionate and enlightened approach to child rearing and education.