Overlooked threat

In Pakistan, the discourse on national security often centres on the threat of terrorism, particularly from religious militant groups. However, an equally insidious threat looms large: economic violence. This term encompasses a range of systemic issues, from corruption and unemployment to inflation and inadequate public services that collectively inflict profound harm on the populace.

In many ways, economic violence — i.e. the systemic deprivation of economic resources and opportunities — undermines the fabric of society more deeply than the overt terror of militant groups, affecting millions of lives on a daily basis. It leads to widespread poverty, inequality and hardship. It is perpetuated by corrupt governance, flawed economic policies and entrenched socio-economic disparities. Unlike physical violence, which is immediate and visible, economic violence is often subtle and pervasive, eroding the quality of life over time.

In Pakistan, economic violence manifests through poverty and inequality, with 20-25% of the population living below the poverty line and a widening wealth gap favouring a small elite. High unemployment and underemployment, particularly among youth, lead to financial instability and social unrest, pushing many into insecure informal sectors. Persistent inflation and rising living costs strain household budgets, increasing debt and financial insecurity. Rampant corruption diverts resources from essential services and development, undermining public trust and exacerbating economic disparities. Additionally, inadequate public services in education, healthcare and sanitation perpetuate poverty and limit social mobility, resulting in poor health outcomes and restricted opportunities for future generations.

While terrorism poses a clear and immediate threat to national security and individual lives, its impact, although devastating, is often localised and sporadic. In contrast, economic violence is a chronic and widespread issue that affects the entire population. The daily struggles caused by economic deprivation — from malnutrition and lack of education to mental health issues and social instability — have far-reaching consequences that can undermine the nation’s development and stability more profoundly than isolated acts of terrorism.

Addressing economic violence in Pakistan requires a multifaceted approach that targets both the symptoms and root causes of economic deprivation. Key strategies include implementing comprehensive economic reforms to stimulate growth, create jobs and ensure fair resource distribution by fostering a business-friendly environment and supporting SMEs. Strengthening anti-corruption frameworks is essential for transparency and accountability in governance, which involves stringent laws and independent oversight bodies. Expanding social safety nets, such as conditional cash transfers and unemployment benefits, can protect vulnerable populations from economic shocks. Investing in quality education and healthcare is crucial for breaking the cycle of poverty and promoting sustainable development. Finally, ensuring that economic policies are inclusive and equitable, particularly for marginalised communities and historically neglected regions, is vital for fostering long-term stability and social mobility.