The air raid took place on Monday, around 60 kilometres northeast of Aleppo, a rebel-held town in northern Syria.
France urges UK to join fight against Islamic State in Syria
"It allowed us to destroy an important site serving as a training camp and weapons store for Daesh (the Arabic acronym for IS)," the ministry said in a statement.
The ministry did not provide evidence that a training camp was targeted, and provided no information on casualties.
Around 20 planes took part in the raid, including French Rafale fighters.
One of the French SCALP missiles used in the strikes had a technical fault that caused it to crash-land in a field, the statement added.
France hits back, striking Islamic State in Syria after Paris carnage
Some 20 countries taking part in the campaign against IS vowed on Wednesday to intensify their attacks against the terrorist group.
Washington says it has carried out nearly 10,000 air strikes against the group in Iraq and Syria.
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