The soldiers were hit as they patrolled a glacier at an altitude of 5,800 metres (19,000 feet), Colonel S D Goswami said.
Avalanche kills four Indian soldiers near Pakistan border in Ladakh
"In the early hours of today, 10 soldiers were hit by an avalanche at the northern Siachen Glacier while on patrol," Goswami told AFP.
Rescuers from the army and airforce have been deployed to search for them, he added.
Indian troops patrol the Siachen Glacier, dubbed the world's highest battlefield, in the Kashmir region which is disputed between India and Pakistan.
Avalanches and landslides are common in the area during the winter and temperatures there can drop as low as minus 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit).
In January, four soldiers were killed by an avalanche, while last year another four died when their vehicle was buried under an avalanche near Leh, the main city of the high-altitude region known as Ladakh.
The ground beneath their feat: 5.9 earthquake jolts most of K-P, FATA
An estimated 8,000 troops have died on the glacier since 1984, almost all of them from avalanches, landslides, frostbite, altitude sickness or heart failure rather than combat.
Nuclear-armed rivals India and Pakistan, which each administer part of Kashmir but claim it in full, fought over Siachen in 1987. But guns on the glacier have largely fallen silent since a peace process began in 2004.
COMMENTS
Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive.
For more information, please see our Comments FAQ