Why Pakistan's rising reported ratio conceals the failure to tax actual income

Effectiveness will depend less on enlarging statutory powers than on institutional competence, accountability

Pakistan increasingly confuses tax policy with revenue collection

CJP shows that people treated as politically disposable can turn humiliation into solidarity

Such court should absorb appellate jurisdiction presently fragmented between Inland Revenue and Customs

Oil mattered to the rise of the dollar system, but it never explained the whole system

Taxation must move from extraction to equity; parliament must determine tax policy rather than merely endorse revenue

State takes money from producer who, in turn, is forced to borrow to meet costs

State must first build constitutional, legal & regulatory foundations for crypto initiatives & partnerships

Financial breathing space is valuable, but is no substitute for institutional reform