Turkmenistan therefore has unparalleled moral legitimacy to speak on Afghanistan

They both deserve praise for successfully pulling this off and setting a powerful example of inter-faith cooperation

Pakistan and Tajikistan saved the SCO Summit from descending into dysfunction

Pakistan and the US will therefore continue “hedging”/”balancing” against one another in Afghanistan

The summit was symbolised Pakistan’s newfound geostrategic importance in shaping the future of Eurasia

The rapid Russian-Pakistani rapprochement continues to proceed apace and is now diversifying into other sectors

The final factor influencing Iran’s provocative comments is the proverbial elephant in the room, India

Russia is articulating reasons why it might eventually recognise the Taliban as Afghanistan’s legitimate government

Pakistan and Russia are veritably the two most influential external stakeholders in Afghanistan’s stability right now

China, Russia, and others, however, have a more pressing interest in reconstructing Afghanistan than the US does