Report exposes Pakistan's e-waste recycling workers' plight

Children breathe in toxic fumes due to burning of computer circuit boards and other waste materials in their homes.

KARACHI: Pakistan’s e-waste recycling workers are facing many problems due to lack of awareness and safety mechanisms, said a report of the Royal Institute of Technology (Kungliga Tekniska högskolan KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.

A PhD student from the KTH and a researcher Shakila Umair revealed the dire state of the e-waste recycling cottage industry in Pakistan.

Her research stated that children are forced to breathe in toxic fumes as people burn computer circuit boards and other waste materials nearby.

In a documentary made by Umair, she showed a six year old girl sitting in her kitchen in village and breathing in toxic fumes, while her farther burnt computer circuit boards.

The findings were presented last week at the ICT for Sustainability conference in Zurich, which was attended by representatives from the public and private sector, as well as academia.

“This is the unfortunate reality for many people in Pakistan."

She added, "I have seen barrels of acid filled with disintegrating wires set just a few feet from where an entire family sleeps, and children playing in the soot left from people burning wires in the open air.”

"The ICT industry could work with the Pakistani government to make the work safer, but the biggest problem has been the lack of documentation about the problem and its extent. So I hope this is an eye-opener for them."

Umair's social life cycle assessment documented hundreds of individuals, including adults and children, working without any protection. Exposure to dioxins, furans and other dangerous substances released as a result of manually dismantling discarded electronic devices and extracting precious materials is harmful for human beings.

Furthermore, these individuals work for 12 hours shifts and are paid the equivalent of US $2.70 per day.

"Relatively small protective measures such as gloves and masks would easily make a big difference on the workers' health. But they cannot afford it themselves," Umair said and also recommended making safety information available for workers.

"The only time I saw someone using a mask was while dismantling printers," she said. "It was because of the toner. Unlike dioxin, it's visible. But it was a basic surgical mask that stops nothing.”

The researcher added, "They are not aware of the toxins they are inhaling, and some of them are illiterate. They're unable to relate their illnesses to the work they do.  I talked to people who said they felt uncomfortable physically, that they had trouble breathing. But they said they have no choice."

Stopping the flow of e-waste to Pakistan is not Umair’s goal. "If it stops, their livelihood vanishes. I am from Pakistan and I would never want to see that happen," she says. Some of the e-waste comes in the form of donations, which make it possible for many in Pakistan to get access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools that they otherwise couldn't afford.

Nokia's Sustainability Manager for Africa and the Middle East Ulrike Vött was one of those listening to her presentation in Zurich."With our take back and awareness campaign involving media across Pakistan during 2011, we have started to try and find first ways of engagement - with the aim of putting the topic onto the agenda," Vött said.

"It is a long way to solving the e-waste problem. There are many other, governmental and non-governmental and industry groups’ working on this issue and the picture is very complex indeed."