Seven insurgents stormed a joint Afghan-NATO base in Shah Wali Kot district at around 3:30 am (2300 GMT Monday), sparking a 30-minute gun battle that left all the attackers dead, Kandahar governor's spokesman Jawed Faisal said.
NATO's US-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) said the attackers breached the outer perimeter of the base but no coalition soldiers were killed.
But Faisal and provincial police chief General Abdul Raziq both said a foreigner had been killed and two wounded, with Faisal describing the fatality as a civilian contractor. Their nationalities were unclear.
Hours later, four gunmen wearing police uniforms struck a police and NATO base in Kandahar city, triggering a firefight in which four officers and the attackers were killed, Raziq told AFP.
Nine police were wounded, he said.
Police witnesses said the attackers all had the uniform and equipment of regular officers, and were led into the base by a police captain who fled afterwards. Two other officers were arrested over the assault.
Tuesday's attacks came a day after men wearing Afghan police uniforms opened fire on NATO soldiers in Kandahar, killing one before fleeing.
That incident brought to 23 the number of Western troops killed in 17 so-called green-on-blue incidents so far this year in Afghanistan, where 130,000 foreign soldiers are helping Kabul fight a Taliban insurgency.
"The International Security Assistance Force confirms that three individuals in Afghan police uniforms turned their weapons against coalition service members in southern Afghanistan yesterday, killing one ISAF service member," the alliance said.
A police official in Zhary district said the dead soldier was American, but there was no immediate confirmation.
ISAF gave no further details of the incident or the soldier's nationality, though most coalition forces in Kandahar are American.
An increasing number of Afghan troops have turned their weapons against NATO soldiers as the decade-long insurgency has progressed.
Some of the assaults are claimed by the Taliban, who say they have infiltrated the ranks of Afghan security forces, but many are attributed to cultural differences and antagonism between the allied forces.
The last such incident occurred in May, when Afghan police officers killed two British soldiers in Helmand.
The US-led ISAF has taken security measures in response to the shootings, including assigning "guardian angels" -- soldiers who watch over their comrades as they sleep.
Tuesday's violence came as Afghanistan's attorney general accused Pakistan over an unprecedented bloody sectarian suicide attack in Kabul last December that killed more than 80 Shia Muslims on their holiest day.
Eshaq Aloko said the assault was planned in Pakistan's northwestern city of Peshawar and masterminded by "some spy agencies in our neighbouring countries".
Many in Afghanistan accuse Pakistani intelligence of supporting Islamist insurgents, who have strongholds in Pakistan, and of failing to cut their historic ties to the Taliban.
On Monday, a Taliban roadside bombing killed eight civilians, including women and children, in the southern province of Helmand, the interior ministry said.
President Hamid Karzai condemned the civilian deaths, saying the attack showed the insurgents' "true face of brutality".
The Western coalition is to hand responsibility for security to Afghan forces by mid-2013 and play a support role up to the final withdrawal by the end of 2014.
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Time and again these suicide bombers blow themselves up trying to storm NATO basis - but my recollection is that they always blow up everyone but coalition forces. As a side note a recent report indicated that a US soldiers has a greater likelihood of death by suicide (which is rare) than death by combat in Afghanistan.