"For years, we've focused on building the best experience for sharing photos with your friends and family," Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg said in announcing the deal.
"Now, we'll be able to work even more closely with the Instagram team to also offer the best experiences for sharing beautiful mobile photos with people based on your interests."
Zuckerberg called the acquisition "an important milestone for Facebook because it's the first time we've ever acquired a product and company with so many users. We don't plan on doing many more of these, if any at all.
"But providing the best photo sharing experience is one reason why so many people love Facebook and we knew it would be worth bringing these two companies together."
An Instagram application tuned to Apple's iPhones, iPads, and iPod touch devices has been downloaded more than 27 million times since the first version was released in late 2010 by the San Francisco startup.
Instagram co-founder Kevin Systrom released the figure while providing a glimpse last month at a version of the application tailored for smartphones power by Google-backed Android software.
The free mini-program lets people give classic looks to square photos using "filters" and then share them at Twitter, Facebook or other social networks.
Apple crowned Instagram its app-of-the-year for 2011.
"We're psyched to be joining Facebook," Systrom said in a blog post Monday on the Instagram website.
"It's important to be clear that Instagram is not going away," he continued. "We'll be working with Facebook to evolve Instagram and build the network."
Instagram's roster of backers includes Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey.
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Seem like Zuckerberg wont stop until he has access to everyone's face
So does this mean my Facebook timeline is going to be full of images of locks, windows and other useless objects shot by douchebags?
Good work. Keep it up!