Economically, the most important comparison base is per capita income. However, given its many limitations, I also look at additional indicators which reflect economic vulnerability, technological progress and economic competitiveness. Sri Lanka had by far the highest per capita income in 2010 in South Asia ($2,375), followed by India ($1,475), Pakistan ($1,000) and Bangladesh ($675). Except, Bangladesh, all the other countries are considered middle-income ones. However, Pakistan comes last in export performance in terms of its export-GDP ratio as well as the technological content of its exports. In terms of external economic vulnerability, only Bangladesh managed a positive current account balance (i.e., its trade and other current incomes were greater than imports and other current payments) in 2010, though Pakistan did have the consolation of having a smaller current deficit-GDP ratio than India and Sri Lanka. In attracting foreign direct investment, Pakistan comes second, behind India. Finally, on the overall economic competitiveness index, Pakistan is last with Sri Lanka and India being the top two.
Moving on to social indicators, I look at overall equality, gender issues, health and education. In terms of overall inequality as measured by the Gini index, Pakistan comes out as the least unequal and Sri Lanka as the most unequal, although having travelled extensively across the length and breadth of both countries, I find this hard to believe as I found Sri Lanka a much more egalitarian society. Healthwise, Pakistan just beats Bangladesh on life expectancy but no one on infant mortality. Educationally, Pakistan shares the bottom rank with Bangladesh with a literacy rate of 54 per cent while Sri Lanka takes the cake with 91 per cent. Finally, in terms of gender issues, the female literacy rate in Pakistan is much lower than that of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (data for India was not available). Finally, politically, I look at the corruption, governance and failed state indices. Unfortunately, Pakistan comes last on all of them.
Thus, Pakistan comes last or second last on 11 of the 14 indicators above. Of course, there are many issues with the reliability of some of these indicators. However, it would be foolish to think that these errors have made a huge contribution to Pakistan’s sorry rankings. The reality is that economically, politically and socially Pakistan is falling behind even its immediate neighbours, who themselves are not highly developed. Even if one considers many more indicators, the situation will not change much.
What explains this malaise? One obvious reason is Pakistan’s heavy military investment and consequent disregard of economic and social development. Pakistan comes behind only Sri Lanka on this dimension. But as Sri Lanka’s example reveals, it is possible to cater to national security threats but still do relatively well economically and socially. So, Sri Lanka does better than the other three on educational, health and gender indicators as well as on overall economic and export competitiveness despite focusing more on military matters. At the same time, its heavy military investment has yielded tangible benefits as it has succeeded in eradicating terrorism while Pakistan is still struggling to do so. So it is also a question of governance and of using resources effectively. Clearly, neither Pakistan’s political managers nor its military managers (who often double up as political managers too) have shown the value for money that Sri Lankan managers have. Points to ponder, food for thought!
Published in The Express Tribune, October 28th, 2011.
COMMENTS (39)
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I wonder what percentage of each country compared is Muslim? and if that shows a pattern
Good article. I hope country's managers know all of this and do something about it soon, otherwise the gap will widen to a level that Pakistan's only comparison will remain with the sub-Saharan Africa - even if that. Consider this: if Pakistan grows at the current average growth rate of 3% for the next 30 years, its GDP per capita will be around $2000. And if India continues to grow at 8% for the next 30 years, its GDP per capita will be over $15000 ! It will be very hard to convince the Kashmiris, or our strategic depth partners in Afghanistan, our friends Arabs, or even the all-weather buddies Chinese to side with us if they have to choose !
@Riaz Haq: We all know pretty well how the ministers of the country got their college degree :) Tells much about rest of the people graduating. :)
@khalis On corruption, Transparency International's index had India ranked 87 and Pakistan at 143. So unfortunately you are incorrect - there is more corruption in Pakistan. On population, sure India has a higher population, but Pakistan's population is growing much faster at 2.1% per annum as compared to 1.3% for India.
@khalis: Compared to?
@muhammad mahad: If you analyze the causes of this main cause, you will find the real root causes.
@Srivastava: Completely wrong. Things will not change because the core problem is in wrong attitudes of the people , bad intentions, unchecked greed and selfishness, extreme intolerance, lack of oPen - mindedness
@Raja Islam: Add religious inequality at #2 and intolerance at #1.
@You Said It: You hit the nail. It is not the present Lone that should be measured but the potential factors that lead to happiness and peace within nTions' people. People of tiny Bhutan with little GDP are far happier than Pakistanis or perhaps even Indians.
Sri Lanka is fortunate of having the sea surrounding it. Pakistan's strategic placing made it a football played by super powers. Pakistan continue to be like this or go lower as long as the expenditure on military is not reduced drastically.
author should have mentioned that pakistan has been fighting a war since last 10 years.the only handicape in the development of pakistan is war on terror,pakistan would develop more than the neighbouring countries,once war on terror ended.
Author is using the wrong statistics. Why only use economic and development metrics. Why not use military and religious metrics in the comparison as well to be fair: 1. # of soldiers per million of population 2. # of tanks per million of population 3. % of gdp spent on military 4. # of wars started since indepdence and % of territory change resulting from these wars 5. # of housing and shopping complexes built by the military 6. # of bakeries run by the military 7. # of wedding halls run by the military 8. # of madrassas 9. # of people killed for blasphemy per million population 10. # of shaheeds (suicide bombers) per million population 11. # of targeted killings per million population 12. # of karo-kari and honour killings 13. # of conspiracy theorists and armchair generals 14. measure of the country's strategic depth 15. billions of US$ received in military aid received from the infidel enemy Americans
There now, Pakistan is #1 world superpower in all of this. Pakistan Zindabad.
@muhammad mahad patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel
I know a lot of Indian would be uncomfortable in their chairs knowing a big power, a future superpower like India is being compared to a middle level power like Pakistan.
India is on its way to halve its poverty in the next 10 to 15 years. Pakistan is on the reverse trajectory.
@Raja Islam: population and corruption is more rampant in india
Pakistan comes last or second last on 11 of the 14 indicators
It is a CIA/RAW/Mossad conspiracy.
@let there be peace: strategically located I fail to understand this facination of Pakistanis about the strategic location of their nation. The effects of this have been seen by us all over the last 64 years & even last 1000+ years when the invaders have looted & plundered this stretch of land. This much for strategic location.
@Srivastava: Absolutely right. After getting Kashmir, the Pakistanis should try to get hold of KP, Balochistan, Gilgit Skardu & maybe Sindh.
I wish solutions for Pakistan were as simple as what the author mentions. Curbing military spending. Yes it was the military that ate up all the power plants and all the factories instead of corrupt and incapable leaders....
@Nadir: What achievement !!! Clap Clap Clap
Have we ever thought of investing on our people and economy instead of such big toys for the boys?
How can you compare India(population=1.3bn) and srilanka(population=20,653,000). Its easy to maintain small country like srilanka but not india with 1.3 bn population and huge diversity in religion,language,culture etc..Your comparision is foolish and completel one sided.
@muhammad mahad: How do you expect people to be patriotic when Shias and Ahammadiyyahs are slaughtered like lambs in their very own country ?
@vasan: You have forgot to mention the Stealth Babar missile which got released today. That's supposed to another amazing invention to say the least.
Pakistan is one of most resource rich and strategically located regions in world. by now they should have been comparing themselves with coutries like south korea or Brazil. I hope they take some hint from their friends- the 'godless' Buddhist srilanka and 'godless' communist China about what is the real problem with Islamic republic of Pakistan.
As far i consider,lack of partiotism in our youth is the major issue!!!!
a honest comparission. Nowhere does Pakistan scores above India (or even come close to it). I hope eminent Pakistanis like Riaz Haq will understand this and goad their people on right path.
I am not saying that India scores great globally. At least we must build up our regional economic strength and gain respectability.
Despite high military spending in Sri Lanka, it is the civilians that are the masters unlike Pakistan. That's what you take home!
Pakistan's achievements : 1. highest number of nukes 2. Highest and loudest ghairat 3. Max no of terrorists and terrorist attacks per 1000 people 4. maximum distortion of history in the school curriculam and much more
Pakistan's ONLY issue: . . Kharaab Niyyat (i.e. misplaced intenions)
These issues are trivial and will be automatically solved once Pakistan has Kashmir.
...and over reliance on strategic assets
Yes, but only Pakistan can look America in the eye!
If we go by what author's RESEARCH ,Sri Lanka is Ideal country for Pakistan to follow suit.In whole article Sri lanka mention 12 times ,Bangladesh and India 7 times .
Conclusion that comes out from this RESEARCH is like Between a Small town car Dealer is more profitable than FORD motor company. Because Car dealers Balance sheet is more profitable.
Writer Conveniently forget to mention population of each country in respect to comparision. Bigger the population bigger its problem, So doing comparision on 14 Parameters is not a justice to either pakistan or any country. Let me tell you one thing if you are reading newspaper, Sri Lankan cricketers havent get paid for last few months.Does it tell you something about prosperity of Sri Lankan?