In an unprecedented move to help fund the government's fiscal deficit, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) injected a record-breaking Rs12.82 trillion into the banking system on Thursday through Open Market Operations (OMOs), marking one of the largest liquidity injections in recent history.
Of the total injection, Rs12.42 trillion was provided via conventional reverse repo OMOs. This included Rs11.9 trillion through 21-day loans at an interest rate of 11.03%, and Rs521.1 billion through 7-day loans at 11.10%. An additional Rs396 billion was injected using Shariah-compliant Mudarabah-based OMOs, reflecting the SBP's strategy to cater to liquidity needs in both conventional and Islamic banking sectors.
Since the International Monetary Fund (IMF) restricts the government from borrowing directly from the central bank, SBP injects liquidity into commercial banks, which then invest this capital into government treasury instruments, effectively financing the fiscal deficit indirectly, according to sources familiar with the matter.
A revenue shortfall by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) is contributing to the funding gap, with actual collections hovering around Rs11.8 trillion against the FY2025 target of Rs12.3 trillion, said Sana Tawfik, Head of Research at Arif Habib Limited (AHL). She added that SBP profits of Rs2.5 trillion have already been transferred to the Ministry of Finance in the first nine months of FY2025 as non-tax revenue, while the petroleum levy brought in Rs833 billion during the same period.
Meanwhile, the Pakistani rupee gained marginally against the US dollar on Friday, appreciating 0.03% to close at 281.97 in the inter-bank market, up from 282.06 a day earlier.
Gold prices surged in domestic markets in line with global trends as geopolitical risks increased. According to the All-Pakistan Gems and Jewellers Sarafa Association (APGJSA), gold per tola jumped Rs3,500 to Rs351,000, while the 10-gram rate increased by Rs3,000 to Rs300,925.
Globally, gold prices rallied 2% on Friday, heading for their best weekly performance in six weeks. This rise was triggered by investor anxiety following US President Donald Trump's renewed threats of imposing steep tariffs, including a 50% levy on European goods, and warning Apple Inc. of further tariffs unless it shifted manufacturing to the US.
"Gold is up today due to strong safe-haven demand," said Adnan Agar, Director at Interactive Commodities. He noted international gold prices hit a high of $3,364 and hovered around $3,361 per ounce during trading. The market opened at $3,300 and touched a low of $3,286 earlier in the session.
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