The 2020 floods in Pakistan have left a lasting impact on the country, with possible water shortages — of about 27% to 35% — being one of the most significant concerns in the aftermath of the disaster. The floods, triggered by heavy monsoon rains, affected millions of people, destroyed infrastructure and caused widespread damage to crops and livestock.
The disruption of water supply and infrastructure has left many communities struggling to access clean and safe water, and this situation is likely to persist for months. This shortage is not only affecting human health but is also having devastating consequences for agriculture, which accounts for a significant portion of Pakistan’s economy. The impact on agriculture has been severe, with many crops destroyed or damaged. This will not only affect the income of farmers but also result in a shortage of food in the country. Despite the alarming situation, provincial governments do not seem to be on the same page with regard to distribution of water and to make matter worse the Indus River System Authority (Irsa) has not yet finalised the estimates of water availability for Kharif 2023. While Punjab has lost 7-8% of water, Sindh losses total a staggering 35-40%. Unfortunately, consistent water shortages had forced Irsa to adopt a three-tier formula instead of sticking to the distribution percentage ascribed in the 1991 Water Accord. Despite the constraints, a proper legal approach must be taken in order to bring about relevant changes.
In order to bring everyone on the same page, policy analysts and water conservation specialists must be brought on board to revise the water treaty in accordance with current and future estimates of water shortages. Each province should be given an adequate share that is carefully calculated through balancing losses and demand.
Published in The Express Tribune, March 31st, 2023.
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