Amid reluctance to opt for debt restructuring, interest expenses have shot-up significantly to Rs2.57 trillion during the first half of this fiscal year. This equals to 65% of the annual debt servicing budget and is forcing the government to cut out its other expenses – except those on defence.
Sources in the Ministry of Finance told The Express Tribune that during the July-December period of the current fiscal year, there was an alarming increase of 77% in the cost of interest on the federal government debt stock.
The fresh provisional details suggest that, due to the precarious situation, there has been a cumulative reduction of 15% in all other non-development expenditures, excluding defence. The development expenses were slashed by 50% to create room for other expenses, according to government sources.
The finance ministry paid about Rs2.57 trillion in interest costs, up by Rs1.1 trillion or 77%, according to the sources. For the current fiscal year, the government had budgeted Rs3.95 trillion for interest expenses but 65% of it has been consumed in just six months.
Amid the high cost of debt servicing, the Monetary Policy Committee of the central bank is also scheduled to meet on Monday to review the possibility of further increasing its interest rate to contain inflation and attract foreign inflows.
Earlier this month, Finance Minister Ishaq Dar said that the cost of debt servicing may increase to nearly Rs5 trillion in this fiscal year – which will equal more than half of this year’s total budget of Rs9.6 trillion.
Despite the precarious situation, the finance ministry seems to be in no mood to appreciate the biggest challenge threatening the country’s long-term viability; there is an urgent need to restructure domestic debt to create some fiscal space. Domestic debt restructuring can strengthen Pakistan’s case for foreign debt restructuring. But the government has come up with yet another austerity committee as its solution to Pakistan’s “financial challenges”.
According to sources, excluding military pensions and expenses on the armed forces development programme, Rs638 billion was spent on defence in six months – Rs118 billion or nearly 23% more than last year. The annual stated defence budget is Rs1.563 trillion and six-month spending is in line with the allocation.
With a net income of Rs2.5 trillion, accumulative spending on debt servicing and defence jumped over Rs3.2 trillion – 128% or Rs708 billion more than the government’s net income – suggesting that Pakistan will remain debt trapped because even though tax collection has increased, expenses are not being curtailed.
After wasting about four months trying to secure cash injections from foreign nations, Pakistan has finally decided to try and revive the IMF programme again.
Compared to the huge spending of Rs3.2 trillion on debt servicing and defence, only Rs147 billion was spent on development. The spending on development is Rs141 billion or 49% less than that in the previous fiscal year. All the other expenses of the government amounted to Rs1.3 trillion, also down by Rs225 billion or 15%.
Under the IMF programme, Pakistan has committed to convert the primary deficit, calculated after excluding interest payments, into a surplus of 0.2% of GDP, down from last fiscal year’s 3.6%. As a result of uncontrolled spending, however, the government will miss the deficit target agreed upon with the IMF.
As per sources, provisional figures suggest that the federal budget deficit widened to nearly Rs2.2 trillion in the first six months of the current fiscal year. The federal budget deficit, the gap between expenses and revenues, was equal to 2.5% of the GDP. In nominal terms, the deficit was low compared to last year but has more affect due to the inflated size of the economy on the back of a 25% inflation rate.
During the current fiscal year, the government’s total expenditure shot up to nearly Rs4.7 trillion, 23% or Rs870 billion higher than the comparative period last year. But the current expenditure of the government rose to over Rs4.5 trillion – an increase of 29% or Rs1 trillion compared to the same period a year ago.
Gross revenues of the government increased to Rs4.3 trillion, higher by Rs656 billion or 18%. The government transferred Rs1.8 trillion to provinces as their share in federal taxes, which was 6% higher than last year.
During the first six months, the Federal Board of Revenue’s (FBR) tax collection remained at Rs3.342 trillion, up by Rs422 billion or 14.4%. The six-month collection was short of the IMF target by Rs170 billion. Non-tax revenues amounted to Rs950 billion, up by Rs234 billion or 33% on the back of higher petroleum levy collection.
After incorporating the cash surplus of Rs177 billion achieved by the provincial governments, the overall deficit of the country stood at Rs2 trillion or 2.4% of the GDP. The overall primary balance was Rs586 billion or 0.7% of the GDP. There was a 63% reduction in the provincial surpluses compared to the same period a year ago.
Published in The Express Tribune, January 22nd, 2023.
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