A noticeable aspect of life in Karachi is the complete absence of any exotic wildlife, whether animals or birds. In fact, except for the undesirable sight of stray dogs, the city seems to have little to offer by way of wildlife. But the surprising fact is that, until the 1960s, Karachi was a natural habitat for colourful birds and reptiles and animals such as Chinkara deer and leopards. The importance of wildlife lies in the fact that, besides being aesthetically pleasing, it helps maintain the balance of nature.
There have been two main reasons for Karachi’s loss of its land animal wildlife over the decades — the rapid increase in population and the resultant cutting of forests and unplanned urbanisation, and poaching for illegal domestic and international trade. Urbanisation must, therefore, be adequately planned and must allow for ample forestation and green areas so that any planted wildlife species has the opportunity to thrive. Additionally, it is imperative that the Sindh Wildlife Department and Customs authorities work in unison to thwart illegal wildlife trade. In 2017, they had done just that when they had seized 4,200 kilograms of dried turtle, obtained by poachers after killing about 20,000 live turtles. More such efforts are needed to conserve the city’s wildlife species.
The major reasons for the extinction of Karachi’s bird species are unplanned urbanisation, pollution-caused asphyxia (oxygen deficiency), and the increasing number of garbage sites in the city. Unplanned urbanisation, including the cutting of trees and grasslands, has deprived birds of their nestling places and proper diets, a situation that can only be remedied by planned urban expansion and adequate forestation. Pollution-caused asphyxia must be countered by effective anti-pollution measures, and effective sanitation and waste disposal mechanisms are essential to keep birds like kites and crows away and attract “human-friendly” birds like sparrows and parrots.
Unless these steps are taken, there is little hope for the rejuvenation of wildlife in Karachi.
Published in The Express Tribune, November 3rd, 2019.
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