Several Taliban shells hit the market on Friday morning in the Khwaja Sabz Posh district of Faryab province, according to Hanif Rezaee, an Afghan army spokesperson.
"Fourteen civilians were killed and 40 - including women and children - were wounded," Rezaee told AFP.
He said the Taliban had been trying to hit an army checkpoint near the market. The insurgent group did not immediately comment.
'Rushing for the exits': Rival Afghans meet in Doha
Naem Musamim, Faryab's public health director, said 14 bodies and 39 wounded people including four children had been taken to local hospitals.
Some victims with critical injuries were airlifted to hospitals in Mazar-i-Sharif in Balkh province.
The deadly incident comes as the war between the Taliban and Afghan security forces rages on, even as Taliban officials are meeting with United States negotiators in Doha in a bid to bring about an end to the conflict.
On Sunday, the insurgents will meet in the Qatari capital with various representatives from Afghan society as part of a potential peace process.
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