Kaan Ayhan headed Turkey ahead on the half-hour mark and Cengiz Under fired in a second before half-time to give the hosts a first ever win over France.
Didier Deschamps fielded nine of the players that started last year's World Cup final but France struggled to create chances, while Hugo Lloris denied Turkey on a number of occasions.
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"That was a slap in the face for us and there's not a lot I can say," Deschamps told TF1.
"We have a different challenge on Tuesday and I have to say well done to Turkey. We need to get back to basics."
"When you play like that on a collective level there is nothing positive you can take from the game.
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"We didn't put in the match we needed to against a team that played their game. That's top-level football and it's the same whether you are world champions or not."
Victory pushed Turkey three points clear of France at the top of Group H after Senol Gunes' side won for the third time in as many outings.
They continue their qualifying campaign away to Iceland on Tuesday while France will expect to rebound on their trip to minnows Andorra.
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