Speaking at an investment conference in Riyadh, due to end on Thursday, the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman pledged there would be "no rupture" in ties with Ankara, after the killing in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul triggered a diplomatic crisis.
"The incident was very painful for all Saudis, it's a repulsive incident and no one can justify it," he said in Arabic, during an address to the Future Investment Initiative forum on Wednesday.
"Those responsible will be held accountable ... in the end justice will prevail."
Saudi crown prince says justice will prevail in 'painful' Khashoggi case
The prince, faced with mounting international censure, appeared relaxed as he shared the stage with Lebanon's prime minister-designate Saad Hariri and Bahrain's Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad.
Three weeks since Khashoggi, a Saudi citizen living in self-imposed exile, disappeared after walking into the consulate to obtain marriage documents, the crisis shows no sign of abating.
Washington, a long-time ally of Riyadh, moved late Tuesday to revoke the visas of several Saudis. Britain followed suit on Wednesday as France said it was ready to back international sanctions against those responsible.
Saudi leaders have denied involvement in Khashoggi's murder, pushing responsibility down the chain of command.
But Ankara has been holding its own investigation and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said the killing was meticulously planned, calling for 18 Saudis detained by Saudi authorities to be tried in Turkey.
Erdogan on Wednesday spoke with Prince Mohammed in their first telephone conversation since the killing, a Turkish presidential source and Saudi state media said.
The two discussed "the issue of joint efforts and the steps that need to be taken in order to shed light on the Jamal Khashoggi murder in all its aspects," the source added.
Speaking at the investment forum, Prince Mohammed said: "Many are trying to exploit the Khashoggi affair to drive a wedge between Saudi Arabia and Turkey."
But, he said, "they will not succeed as long as there is a king named Salman and a crown prince named Mohammed bin Salman."
Since becoming heir apparent last year, Prince Mohammed has won plaudits for reforms, including ending a decades-long ban on women drivers.
But his image has been tarnished by Khashoggi's murder, despite repeated denials that he was involved.
The investment conference, nicknamed "Davos in the desert" and aimed at drumming up funds to help Riyadh diversify its oil-reliant economy, has been overshadowed by the outcry over Khashoggi's murder and a string of global business leaders withdrew from the three-day event.
While addressing the forum on Wednesday, the crown prince also adopted a light tone and joked about allegations that Lebanon's premier-designate Hariri was detained in the kingdom last year, saying he hoped his current visit does not spark 'abduction' rumours.
Riyadh's changing narrative over what happened inside the consulate on October 2 has met with deep scepticism abroad.
US President Donald Trump described the killing as "one of the worst in the history of cover-ups," and appeared to finger Prince Mohammed in telling the Wall Street Journal: "Well, the prince is running things over there ... so if anybody were going to be, it would be him."
Trump terms Khashoggi murder as 'one of the worst cover-ups in history'
Faced with calls from US lawmakers across the political spectrum for tough measures, the State Department said it had identified 21 Saudis either whose visas would be revoked or who would be ineligible for future visas.
"We are making very clear that the United States does not tolerate this kind of action to silence Mr Khashoggi, a journalist, through violence," US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said.
British Prime Minister Teresa May said Britain was "taking action against all suspects to prevent them entering the UK".
France added that it would take "punitive measures" if Saudi Arabia was 'proven' to be behind the murder.
Turkish pro-government media reported Wednesday that Turkish intelligence had shared "all the evidence" from its probe with the CIA.
This included video and audio recordings from the consulate and the consul's residence, and was shared with visiting CIA chief Gina Haspel, the Sabah newspaper reported.
The location of Khashoggi's corpse remains unknown.
Turkish state media reported Wednesday that Saudi authorities had denied permission for Turkish police to search a well in the consulate's garden.
Erdogan vowed Turkey would not allow the culprits to get away with "savage murder".
"It is not over yet," he said. "We are unravelling, dismantling (the case) and the world is closely following."
US revokes Saudi visas in first action over Khashoggi
A subdued affair
Delegates swooned as a band belted out "Hotel California" on the sidelines of a Saudi investment forum, with organisers projecting it as business as usual despite mass cancellations from global CEOs over critic Khashoggi's murder.
Multi-billion dollar "mega deals" were declared and sumptuous buffet spreads laid out at the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh, while delegates rushed to take selfies with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman who received a standing ovation.
But the flagship three-day conference that seeks to project the oil-rich desert kingdom as a lucrative business destination appeared to largely be a subdued affair after the Khashoggi murder pushed the world's top oil exporter into one of its worst crises.
It especially paled in comparison to last year's inaugural FII.
In 2017, Prince Mohammed dazzled investors with plans for the $500-billion (440-billion-euro) mega city NEOM billed as a regional Silicon Valley, and a talking robot named Sophia was declared a Saudi citizen.
The forum was billed as an economic coming-out party after the prince, a self-styled reformer, won global plaudits for ending a decades-long ban on women drivers and his ambitious plans to modernise the ultraconservative kingdom.
But the star attractions of last year were missing as the event opened on Tuesday with British billionaire Richard Branson, SoftBank chief Masayoshi Son and Siemens chief executive Joe Kaeser among dozens of global business titans who shunned the event.
The brightly lit booths of Western media outlets were gone, with star television anchors such as Fox News's Maria Bartiromo - who moderated a panel with Prince Mohammed last year - notably absent.
Organisers frequently changed the agenda of the event in a sign speakers were dropping out.
They scrambled on Wednesday to replace the political no-shows with figures from regional allies, with Lebanese prime minister-designate Saad Hariri and the president of Senegal among the headliners.
Saudi officials were still eager to project the kingdom's economic ambitions, with a Lucid electric car displayed outside the lunch venue and each delegate receiving a bulky hardcover book titled "A blueprint for the 22nd century".
At a poolside gala dinner reception on Tuesday, Chico Bouchikhi, one of the founders of the Gipsy Kings, regaled participants with hit songs such as "Hotel California".
The conference was largely filled with delegates from Arab nations, many from Saudi Arabia itself, and most of the Westerners present sought to maintain a low profile and some appeared unwilling to even share their business cards with journalists.
But Saudi officials heaped praise on Western business figures such as the CEO of French energy giant Total, Patrick Pouyanne, for standing by Riyadh in this difficult period.
Khashoggi's murder has plunged the kingdom into what observers call an acute public relations crisis.
The companies doing business with Saudi Arabia would have to "find a balance between maintaining a good PR image and their business considerations", said Tony Chan, president of Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, who attended the forum.
Saudi Arabia sees deals worth $50b at investment conference despite boycotts
As delegates walked into the vast conference venue at the Ritz-Carlton hotel, bedecked with frescoed ceilings and glittering chandeliers, many feverishly checked their phones for new developments about Khashoggi's murder.
Saudi officials at FII sought to defuse what they acknowledged as a 'crisis'.
Prominent Saudi businesswoman Lubna Olayan described the murder as a terrible act "alien to our culture and DNA".
"For a long time I introduced my country to outsiders by saying: 'I come from a country that doesn't allow women to drive'," said another Saudi businesswoman.
"I thought we were moving forward, but this (crisis) has taken us far behind."
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