"I believe that destroying something without having developed something new is extremely dangerous," Merkel said at a regional election campaign event in Bavaria.
The veteran leader —a close ally of Trump's bugbear Barack Obama while he was president — added that she believed multilateralism was the solution to many of the world's problems.
Merkel, Trump call for Syrian ceasefire to be implemented
Trump failed to see the possibility for win-win solutions, she said, instead seeing only one winner from any international negotiation.
In his second appearance before the UN's annual gathering last week, Trump told the General Assembly that he and his administration "reject the ideology of globalism, and we embrace the doctrine of patriotism".
Angela Merkel calls for burqa ban in Germany
"Global governance" is a form of "coercion and domination" that "responsible nations must defend against", he charged.
Merkel's opposing view to the US leader puts her in the same camp as UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, who warned before Trump took the podium in New York Tuesday that "today, world order is increasingly chaotic".
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