"We don't know for the moment if the US-led international coalition or Iraqi forces carried out the strike" on the village of Al-Qasr in Hasakeh province, the Observatory said.
Missiles kill 26 pro-regime fighters in Syria including Iranians: monitor
The Britain-based monitor relies on a network of sources on the ground for its information.
The US-led coalition is backing a Kurdish-Arab alliance that has been fighting Islamic State in eastern Syria near the border with Iraq.
Iraq has also previously carried out strikes against Islamic State militants in Syria, including a raid last month in the eastern province of Deir Ezzor.
The militants have lost much of the territory they once controlled in Syria and Iraq since declaring a cross-border caliphate there in 2014.
In Syria, they have faced two separate offensives - one by the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces alliance and a second by Russia-backed regime fighters.
In February, US-led coalition air raids killed 25 civilians including seven children in the village of Shaafah in Deir Ezzor province and surrounding areas, according to the Observatory.
The coalition says it takes every precaution to avoid civilian casualties.
Last week, it acknowledged the deaths of 28 civilians in Iraq and Syria in 2017.
Syrian army renews push on besieged areas
That increased its overall death toll of non-fighters killed in coalition strikes since 2014 in both countries to at least 883.
Monitoring group Airwars says the true toll of the bombing campaign is much higher, estimating that at least 6,259 civilians have been killed.
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