Lord Jim O'Neill, who had worked on boosting Chinese investment in Britain and a flagship project to bolster the economy in northwest England, stepped down as a junior Treasury minister.
He had reportedly threatened to quit in July after May announced a review of whether to go ahead with the Hinkley Point nuclear plant, a key Chinese investment in Britain's economy.
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The government gave the go-ahead for the controversial development last week with new conditions attached.
In his resignation letter , O'Neill said he joined the government of Cameron -- who left office in July after Britain voted to leave the EU -- "for the specific purpose of helping deliver the Northern Powerhouse, and to help boost our economic ties with key growing economies around the world, especially China and India".
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"I am pleased that, despite speculation to the contrary, both appear to be commanding your personal attention," he added.
Cameron himself stepped down as a backbench lawmaker this month amid reports he was unhappy with May's decision to allow the creation of academically selective state-funded schools, a policy he had always opposed.
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