‘Jinnah’s Pakistan’ is not dead

Jinnah's Pakistan is not dead: Millions of Pakistanis who want a tolerant homeland resent its creeping radicalisation.


Raza Rumi January 20, 2011

In recent weeks, several commentators have dwelt upon the amorphous notion of ‘Jinnah’s Pakistan’, challenging its notional contours and exposing its overt ideological underpinnings. Whilst such a debate is healthy in a democratic society, it becomes a worrying sign in a deeply polarised polity such as Pakistan. Jinnah’s Pakistan was no consensus project: It had several dissenters — from the religious right to the Khudai Khidmatgars in the northwest. Perhaps these problematic foundations led to the capture of the state by a national security paradigm, later bolstered by the Islamist discourse.

Blaming Jinnah’s Pakistan as a cause or manifestation of the ideological chaos rooted in our perennial identity question is simply disingenuous. Jinnah may have said different things at different occasions but his views as head of the state are what matter. It was not Jinnah alone who created Pakistan. The politico-economic interests of nascent 'Muslim' bourgeoisie and the famous salariat (to use Hamza Alavi’s term) were the prime causes of Pakistan’s creation. Jinnah nearly gave up the idea of a separate state in 1946 after accepting the Cabinet Mission proposals (the best possible compromise to retain Indian unity). Many critiques of Jinnah overlook the ‘intransigence’ of the Indian National Congress, documented by HM Seervai. Sadly, both India and Pakistan have buried the fairly objective view of Seervai, as particularistic nation state narratives are always threatened by objectivity.

In spite of the horrors unleashed by Partition, Jinnah insisted on a US-Canada type relationship between India and Pakistan with, open and permeable borders; and even wanted to retire in his beloved city, Bombay. However, he died too early and Gandhi, while fasting for the rights of Pakistanis, was killed by an Hindu extremist (note the absence of this fact in the Indian discourse — Hindutva terror started with Gandhi’s assassination).

India was soon taken over by its political-bureaucratic machinery and Pakistan’s security forces took direct control of power. Such appropriation of Pakistani political space could only work if the Indian ‘threat’ was amplified to alarming proportions. Consequently, the entire country became a fortress, defending itself from reason, with ‘religion’ painted on its entrance. Did Jinnah envisage or wish such a polity? No, he warned against it.

Jinnah had a sense of Indian unity above the newly formed states of ‘Pakistan and Hindustan’. American scholar William Metz noted in his 1952 doctoral thesis (University of Pennsylvania), that for Jinnah, a Hindu-Muslim settlement was itself a form of Hindu-Muslim unity.

Recounting history is important today. The religious zealots who are silencing voices of tolerance did not believe in Jinnah’s Pakistan. They wanted a pan-Islamic theocracy — what al Qaeda wants Pakistan to become in 2011. Pakistan is a reality but its viability is once again linked to Jinnah’s post-June 1947 vision entailing: a) a secular state, b) resistance to calls for theocracy, and c) a US-Canada model for India-Pakistan relations.

Jinnah's Pakistan is not dead: Millions of Pakistanis who want a tolerant homeland resent its creeping radicalisation. If not Jinnah, what else do we have to counter the armed extremism on the Pakistani street? If we have drifted too far, which we have, then all the more reason to reclaim the ideal. Denouncing Jinnah’s vision, ironically, reinforces the national security paradigm as well as the Indian nationalist narratives. I hope Pakistani ‘liberals’ are aware of that.

Published in The Express Tribune, January 21st, 2011.

COMMENTS (91)

kumar | 13 years ago | Reply @Avi: you are incorrect in your conceptions of Deoband. Deoband has spawned the taliban, the insurgents in pak, and even the indian mujahideen, etc. Even today, the moderate vice-chancellor of deoband is forced to resign by the extremists for his moderate views and rationalism. Deoband is an embarrassment to india and it is best relocated to waziristan where it actually belongs.
Yasser Latif Hamdani | 13 years ago | Reply Avi, All I understand is that you are incapable of looking beyond the prejudices that are ingrained. You haven't even bothered to read what I have written. The question of bleeding etc has nothing to do with what two nation theory was and what it suggested. Two nation theory was simply a method of a minority community's affirmative action. Your position is rather similar to the white supremacist who opposed affirmative action and accused black nationalist leaders like Malcolm X of racial prejudice during the civil rights movement. You obviously have no clue about political science and the idea of imagined identity. To put it another way, the color of your blood will be the same as an Englishman. So your point is what? I frankly cannot see your point of view as humanistic. I can only see it as self righteous. Deobandis believe that Muslims should not even work in banks and eat with Hindus. If that is humanism that defines India then thank you ... please keep this humanism to yourself. It is no wonder that the Congress Party overturned the Shah Bano judgment by an act of parliament under pressure from Deoband. Ironically Shah Bano's lawyer was Daniyal Latifi, an associate of Jinnah and the chief author of Punjab Muslim League's manifesto in 1945. You can keep claiming monopoly on humanism all you want. Deoband however is where such religio-fascism began. Deoband is what has radicalised the Barelvis as well. And Gandhiji was Deoband's biggest benefactor.
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