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Sovereignty over servitude — I

Published: February 8, 2011

The writer is an assistant professor at Georgetown University and an expert on South Asian political and military affairs [email protected]

Pakistanis are outraged by US Ambassador Cameron Munter’s recent reported assertion that the US government is entitled to influence Pakistan’s internal affairs in exchange for US assistance. The US is Pakistan’s largest source of economic support, either directly or through international financial institutions. These funds enable the government of Pakistan — if not the state — to survive.

Pakistanis naturally resent this situation because they have no leverage in its relationship with Washington and, thus, are beholden to Washington’s diktat. They are right: This funding renders Pakistan answerable to the US taxpayer rather than to Pakistanis. But this anger towards Washington is misplaced. Pakistanis should ask why it is that their state — including its massive, nuclear-armed military — requires outside assistance on the scale it does when Pakistan, in fact, has considerable national wealth.

Pakistan is not a Somalia. Why is it that neighbouring India can pay its way, having transformed itself from an aid-receiving to an aid-granting state, while Pakistan must grovel at the table of the IMF and other multilateral and bilateral donors? Indeed, it is India’s financial success that has drawn global capitals to its doorstep, seeking to sell to India’s state and central governments weapon systems, surveillance technology, power plants, and other needed infrastructure and commodities demanded by the growing country and its minions. It is India’s growing economic heft that gives it leverage in the strategic partnerships it forges — including those with the US and Israel.

There is no reason why Pakistan cannot step out of the shadow of its servitude and into the light of sovereignty. After all, Pakistanis are hard-working and proud patriots.

What does it mean for a state to be sovereign? Apart from exercising monopoly of force and writ of law, more or less homogenously over the state territory, one of the most important elements of state sovereignty is the ability to pay its own bills. While Pakistan is making strides in the former, it has made no progress in the latter.

To free it of international meddling, Pakistan’s political leaders need only to subject themselves and their patronage networks to an agricultural and industrial tax, a move which Pakistan’s leadership has steadfastly avoided throughout the state’s entire history. Of course, it must improve income tax compliance too.

Given this refusal to expand its tax net, the state relies upon an admixture of international assistance and punitive and regressive domestic sales and income taxes to pay its bills. Sales taxes are especially regressive because they affect the poor far more than the wealthy. Government servants — whose income tax is deducted from their wages — and other honest income tax payers pay their way, while the wealthy agriculturalists and business elite abscond. Bangladesh has a better tax compliance record than Pakistan.

The sad truth is that Pakistan’s elite — many of whom sit and have sat and will sit in parliament — have chosen to subjugate their country for their own personal accumulation and preservation of wealth. This should be the focus of public outrage: Not Washington’s expectation that its massive investment in Pakistan yield some return for the interests of its taxpayers.

Some may counter that China and Saudi Arabia help Pakistan without such expectations. These cherished myths are rubbish.

What has China done for Pakistan? It did not help Pakistan in any of its wars with India in 1965, 1971 or the Kargil crisis of 1999, when it took the same line as the US and even India. It did little to help Pakistan in the 2001-2002 crisis with India and it even voted in the United Nations Security Council to declare Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist organisation in 2009, in the wake of the Mumbai terror outrage.

Published in The Express Tribune, February 9th, 2011.

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Reader Comments (44)

  • Nadir El-Edroos
    Feb 8, 2011 - 10:54PM

    We believe our own propaganda and the line between reality and myth has been blurred. Emotionalism trumps rationalism and that same attitude permeates through every arm of the state and state policy. The state doesn’t serves the people, it serves its own interests and then disguises it under the cloak of emotionalism and jingoism that insures that we blame everyone but ourselves for our problems. Recommend

  • Feb 8, 2011 - 11:13PM

    Much needed words of reality and real hope too.Recommend

  • Farhan Sheikh
    Feb 8, 2011 - 11:19PM

    brilliantRecommend

  • Raja
    Feb 9, 2011 - 12:05AM

    Will the author care to clarify why she has to use the word “minions”?

    Who are India and its “minions”? Webster dictionary defines the word
    to mean a servile dependent or an underling.

    The author is famous for virulent anti-India hostility and pro-pakistan bias
    and even being unsympathetic about pakistani terrorism on Indian civilians.

    This is the tragedy of America. You call yourself a champion of
    “freedom” “democracy” etc, but you have propped a religious, exclusivisit
    terrorist entity against the world’s largest, multi ethnic democracy
    for 63 years.Recommend

  • saleem muhammad
    Feb 9, 2011 - 12:07AM

    Excellent!!! Recommend

  • Pocket Change
    Feb 9, 2011 - 12:39AM

    The amount of money the USA provides to Pakistan is pittance. Pakistan needs to reject American money and aid.Recommend

  • Arindom
    Feb 9, 2011 - 1:15AM

    While the piece stuck to it’s logic and thread, the frustrations of the author took the better of her – which caused her to meander into the familiar India-bashing territory, although in an indirect manner, in her last lines!!

    Why can’t any author in Pakistan write without at least a quick snide at India!

    To come to the point I wanted to make – if Pakistan thinks that China and Saudi are their eternal friends and will support them against India always – it is living in a world of delusions…

    China is today among the largerst trade partners of India, if not the largest – trade relations between India and China are growing exponentially. While India is very wary of China, China too is aware of the grief India can cause it on Tibet. So both are focussing on business today and this is too valuable a prize to throw away based on the tantrums of problem-child Pakistan.

    Saudi Arabia and India have steadily invested in deep economic and political ties today, not just oil-related. The relations go beyond rhetorical ‘brotherly relations’ that many others claim to have. For instance, in the last visit of the Indian PM, a treaty protecting Indian nationals in Saudi Arabia was signed. Can Pakistan demand such a treaty to protect it’s citizens in Saudi Arabia? India is investing in education and space research in Saudi Arabia. And unlike Mr Zardari, the Mr Singh is very highly regarded by the King.

    So sooner Pakistan gets rid of it’s favourite pastime of conspiracy theories concerning the activities of RAW/CIA/Mossad and instead focus on economic growth and trade relations with India – the better it is for South Asia and indeed the world.Recommend

  • ash
    Feb 9, 2011 - 1:36AM

    absoultely right..
    we need to sort out our own house first.I do very much agreee on China connection.
    Vhina is just purely interested in selling , selling selling its own gooods to pakistan.Thats it.
    Thats all matter to China , be it Pakistan or anyother country in the world.
    China has historically never taken any moral position on any international issue.Its been vague and unclear mostly.At the end of the day cheap chinese goods have destoryed lot oof local small buisness industry in Pak.Please lets wake up[ , and sort out our affairs with our neighbours.
    We should not punch above our weight, this has broght has down already and these myths will take us nowhere.Recommend

  • Robin
    Feb 9, 2011 - 3:20AM

    This is one of the rare instances where an American (non-South Asian American) has said the truth about Pakistan to Pakistanis without any sugar-coating or diplomatic-somer-saulting.

    We need more of such voices to come from within Pakistan not only from English media but also from the Urdu/Pashto/Sindhi/Punjabi language media for any significant change to happen. Recommend

  • Omar Khayyam
    Feb 9, 2011 - 4:59AM

    Change in Pakistan will begin when people start observing traffic lights … until then wishful thinking!Recommend

  • F Robinson
    Feb 9, 2011 - 5:25AM

    One reason why Pakistan cannot step out of the shadow of its servitude and into the light of sovereignty is that every country has an army in Pakistan the army has the country.Recommend

  • Truthseeker
    Feb 9, 2011 - 5:47AM

    An excellent and potent eye opener for all those who believe that without the assistance of Pakistan Army, USA will not be able to extricate from Afghan morass.

    ‘Pay your bills’, then stand on your feet and challange USA.

    Anti US elements in Pakistan, never shy away from quoting examples of Cuba and Iran.But Cuba and Iran were never a client state of USA and never had a perpetual hanging bowl across their necks.

    The first step is to get the consensus of the public, after informing them pros and cons of standing up to America. Once accord is reached ,then go ahead and do whatever has been decided.

    Don’t look towards China, as she played a major role in Army operation against Red Mosque.Recommend

  • Pakistani patriot
    Feb 9, 2011 - 6:02AM

    Christine

    You have correctly pointed out some important factors that hinder Pakistan’s sovereignity. But look at Turkey for example, which is somewhat more politically stable and economically prosperous. When it only sent a food aid ship to people of Gaza it was attacked by Israel, US did nothing. Super powers will always create hurdles for smaller nations and their interests. Do you really think Pakistan will ever be treated friendly and on basis of equality even after it is economically stronger? no it would not. I am afraid, but maybe it is better Pakistan and US remain enemy rather than friends since there is no trust.
    I hope Pakistan chooses the correct path, change its course and work to transform its economy into a strong and sustainable one and attain true freedom and sovreignity. Recommend

  • Naeem Siddiqui,Australia
    Feb 9, 2011 - 6:15AM

    I have nothing but to endorse the thoughts of Christine Fair.Recommend

  • vasan
    Feb 9, 2011 - 6:47AM

    Why shouldnt China vote to declare JuD as terrorist organization??. If u are friendly with China, they cannot fall into the pit along with you. They should try and prevent u from falling. If they do that, you blame them for not falling with you. What an idea. Total crapRecommend

  • nadir rehman
    Feb 9, 2011 - 7:56AM

    well said.Recommend

  • Ashwin
    Feb 9, 2011 - 8:23AM

    Although i agree to most of the article.if US of A wants or wanted to help Pakistani why didn’t it object to radicalization of Pakistani society by general Zia when this was done in the guise of Soviet resistance.So what can US do now to help Pakistan, maybe help the pakistani justice system in identifying all the black money stashed away by the elite of Pakistan in various countries.May be BBC or CNN can concentrate on tax evasion of the elite and their extent in terms of real dollars, instead of talking only about Pakistani nukes and terrorist.I believe their is a lot US of A can do and should do to help it’s Ally Pakistan, stop giving aid.India only became independent of aid becoz it was isolated and aid stopped flowing that is when MMS came and was to able to take hard decisions, i am sure if aid was given at that moment India who would still be a aid seeking country not aid providing country. US of A is a Aid peddler like a drug peddler, is interested only in increasing it’s leverage.Put the drug peddler in Jail, put the addict in hospital deny him the drug and give him some bitter medicine in time the person will be de-addicted.Recommend

  • Humanity
    Feb 9, 2011 - 8:32AM

    Grow up and be responsible. Take ownership of your country. No one is stopping you.Recommend

  • [email protected]
    Feb 9, 2011 - 9:31AM

    Can you please write in Urdu?

    Most Pakistanis protesting on the streets and burning flags DON’T read English!Recommend

  • Topak Khan
    Feb 9, 2011 - 9:31AM

    No one can disagree with what the writer has said, BUT being an American she has forgotten one very important thing which Pakistanis value but the Americans seem to be oblivious to it, and that is the TONE, we are beggars but we are proud beggars(unfortunately- it would have been so simple if we were just beggars)
    Even this piece in-spite of saying all the right things sounds very condescending Recommend

  • myja
    Feb 9, 2011 - 10:25AM

    excellent piece must be translated in urdu with the permission of writer for the benefit of the commonerRecommend

  • myja
    Feb 9, 2011 - 10:47AM

    an excellent piece must be translated in urdu with the permission of the writer for the benefit of the commoner Recommend

  • Representative
    Feb 9, 2011 - 12:05PM

    Salam,
    We do need a good system but the main thing is implementation. Our leaders are addicted to the steroids they receive in the form of funds, they don’t want it to be stopped and they honestly don’t know the meaning of Sovereignty and Self respect.To be candid, we the people are not honest with our country let alone the corrupt stooges who apparently rule the country.
    Pakistan Zindabad. Recommend

  • Feb 9, 2011 - 12:08PM

    “the most important elements of state sovereignty is the ability to pay its own bills” well said.

    i guess people dont understand above fact is because they think other’s oney as theirs too :) , the moment you beg or ask you loose your freedom.Recommend

  • Feb 9, 2011 - 2:20PM

    @ Christine agreeing with what you have rightly pointed out in your opinion I desire to add the following for your information / appropriate reaction and consideration of the readers of Tribune:

    What we need is a National Sovereignty Revival Agenda to convert prevailing uncertain environment of weakness, fragility and failure into a movement for strength, progress and prosperity? The “PEOPLE OF PAKISTAN” urgently need to declare a genuine war against social and economic evils. This war will automatically put an end to sectarianism, fanaticism and terrorism. The proposed Agenda of the war against social and economic evils will consist of the following five steps:

    • The proper evaluation of the natural and human resource potential

    • A real and unbiased evaluation of the performance of the social and economic indicators to determine the precise extent of self-reliance and reliance on others

    • The declaration of a Genuine Strategic National Economic Plan consisting of workable options for the bilateral, regional and global cooperation to fill and / or narrow the artificial bridgeable gap between natural and human resource potential and social and economic performance

    • The creation of unhindered channels for the flow of human and natural resources from human and natural resource rich areas of the country to natural and human resource poor areas first within and then outside Pakistan through transparent transactions

    • The creation of special Judicial Courts from within the existing Judicial Set Up at district, provincial and federal levels to try and punish the rulers, politicians, bureaucrats, top officers of the armed forces, business tycoons media owners / their employees who are responsible for the creation and perpetuation of the “Cycles of Social and Economic Evils at National, Provincial and District Levels” through “Well-Conceived Structures and Systems of Inhuman Exploitation.”

    It is urgent need of the time to take immediate steps in this direction because the delay in the declaration of war against social and economic evils will make Pakistan an increasingly unpleasant and alarmingly unsafe place to live.

    For details, I invite you all to read “THE LAST WORD” that is available at Linkedin Box: http://pk.linkedin.com/in/zahidhkhalid Recommend

  • Hamid Kasur
    Feb 9, 2011 - 3:35PM

    I alaways recommend to all those who see India rising, seek democracy in Pakistan and Peace in South Asia, Please read European History!Recommend

  • rahim
    Feb 9, 2011 - 4:21PM

    haha…tough love from the americans, the only avenue left unexplored, so how about you stop supporting dictators and the establishment in Pakistan to let the peopple assume some semblance of ownership of their government, fine you have a right to a return to the money you invest but does it give you the right to determining the land and it future too…so much here to say but refreshing approach nonethelessRecommend

  • Genius
    Feb 9, 2011 - 5:19PM

    You wrote: This funding renders Pakistan answerable to the US taxpayer rather than to Pakistanis.
    My experience: As far is known to me in common to all those who care to remain informed, there is no such organisation in the USA which is powerful enough to make anyone answerable on behalf of the US taxpayers.
    If there ever was one, we shall not be seeing US taxpayers dollars burned away for so many years in Vietnam and for ten long years in Afghanistan and Iraq.
    Sorry to give such bad news who think there is democracy and freedom in the USA. Democracy and freedom in the USA is the preserve of only those who are organised to have it. These among the few indeed are, the military industrial complex mafia, the pharmcuetical mafia, the health service mafia etc.etc.
    The rule of Mafia and gangsters is called Democracy in the USA.Recommend

  • ahmed
    Feb 9, 2011 - 7:21PM

    @[email protected]:
    Street protesters do not read English. However those who are the Angrezi-speaking elite
    think and feel in a pan-Pakistan way. We may be selfish but from us come the ideals of a liberal,
    progressive, democratic, secular society.Recommend

  • Junaid Manzoor
    Feb 9, 2011 - 8:17PM

    Another piece of writing by someone who is still in a state of denial. Cursing India and protecting our so called “Strategic Assets” like Jamaat ud Dawa has brought us no good in the past. Your article is nothing but a wishful thinking.Recommend

  • Neeraj, India
    Feb 9, 2011 - 8:34PM

    Pakistan would have turned into another Somalia but for it’s robust textile industry and generous American aid, both direct and indirect. Ironically, however, Pakistan seems to be hell bent upon destroying both of these lifelines. Unrealistic and outdated foreign and economic policies are responsible for this sorry state of affairs.
    Instead of cooperating with Americans in Afghanistan, Pakistani establishment thought that they can get away with playing the double game of fighting Taliban with one hand and patting their backs with other. Now, Americans seems to be losing patience with Pakistan.
    On the economic front, as the author has rightly said, Pak government is extremely reluctant to widen the tax net. Pakistan’s tax to GDP ratio is just 9 percent (India 18 and the US 28 percent), one of the lowest in the world. With such a low taxation, it is virtually impossible to maintain a huge army, bureaucracy, subsidies and loss making public sector entities. Even if, the tax net is expanded and brought to the level of India’s 18 percent, still, it would be difficult to manage the economy, given the massive debt servicing obligations.
    Instead of paying attention to these seemingly insurmountable economic problems, Pakistan govt. foolishly busy killing whatever industry left in the country. The outrageous Free Trade Agreement with China can be cited as an example. It has virtually buried the small and medium scale industries forever. Small and medium scale industries do play a vital role in eradicating poverty and unemployment. Even a pencil manufacturing unit is capable of providing livelihood to the hundreds of people directly and indirectly. And yet, Pak govt. had the audacity to sign FTA with a giant like China, giving her a free hand to dump billions of dollars of junk into Pakistan.
    With such a poor state of economy, expecting Pak government to assert it’s sovereignty is asking for too much. Recommend

  • Babloo
    Feb 9, 2011 - 9:09PM

    Okay, I understand Pak is ruled by a robbing conglomerate of ISI-Army-Mullah-Industrialist-landlord complex, whose job is to “Rob domestically, Beg Globally”. But why is USA the biggest external enabler of this corrupt entity that robs and represses its own people for the enrichment of the few ?Recommend

  • Jason
    Feb 9, 2011 - 9:42PM

    I do not understand why Pakistan continually uses India as its frame of reference. India is 7 to 12 times that of Pakistan depending on the criteria you use and counting. India is way out of their league. Try comparing yourself with someone of your size and capabilities ie Indonesia, Bangladesh Nigeria etc.Recommend

  • Neeraj, India
    Feb 9, 2011 - 10:40PM

    Topak Khan, wow! You wrote,
    //BUT being an American she has forgotten one very important thing which Pakistanis value but the Americans seem to be oblivious to it, and that is the TONE, we are beggars but we are proud beggars//
    What kind of oxymoron is that? A proud beggar? How could you Paks be a proud people and beggars as well? Recommend

  • R S JOHAR
    Feb 10, 2011 - 12:07AM

    The author is dead right that Pakistan’s survival hinges on American aid and simultaneously reminding them that beggars cannot be choosers. No wonder, the ‘Human rights Champions of the World’ is indulging in arm twisting of Pakistan to return an ordinary US citizen or CIA agent back to US without trial, who committed cold blooded double murders in broad day light, as well as black-mailing Pakistan who is duty-bound to comply their orders without questioning world wide accepted legalities or norms, otherwise all aid will be stop. Can the author write something on this hypocracy being committed by her country? Recommend

  • naWab
    Feb 10, 2011 - 1:17AM

    @Jason:
    dear the total population of the countries(Pak, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nigeria)u mentioned above does not “dare” 2 exceed the numbers of baggers/poor living below poverty line in India…. so dont try to fly above on sky, just keep yourself on earth and do something, if u can for the ppl starving in India… as u’ve already planned with Russian money, now US dollars, so good luck for the poor of India. Recommend

  • faqir
    Feb 10, 2011 - 4:24AM

    Mr Babloo Political leaders are elected by the people of Pakistan (in a managed elections under Pakistan rogue army). You should respect people of pakistan. America is better off in supporting the even the socalled allegedly corrupt leaders than rogue dictator army.Recommend

  • ani
    Feb 10, 2011 - 6:41AM

    @ Neeraj:
    love your wit and incisive mind. You should consider writing articles and not just posts. I think you have a flair and a point. Recommend

  • ali
    Feb 10, 2011 - 1:28PM

    people- read the theory of realism, the rhetorics used at individual or social level cant by applied to state politics.
    no permanent friends no permanent enemies and only states interests are primary-come what may- is justified for state politics. Recommend

  • Neeraj, India
    Feb 10, 2011 - 6:43PM

    @ani,
    Thank you, for those kind and encouraging words. I love writing, but, it is a tough job and I think, I am not ready for it right now.Recommend

  • jason
    Feb 10, 2011 - 7:22PM

    @nawab

    I do not know how the number of poor people in a country has anything to do with the point in hand. India’s poor (which count at 40% and fast declining) will catch up as the economy expands and more opportunity evolve.

    The fact is the resources at India’s disposal is many times that of Pakistan and they are not comparable. Just being neighbours or having a common past does not mean you are equal.

    I am not aware of India receiving any aid from Russia or US. It certainly does not need that. In fact, all common ventures that India engages in with these two countries are heavily funded by India itself. Survival on foreign aid is the monopoly of Pakistan.Recommend

  • Sonam Shyam
    Feb 10, 2011 - 8:38PM

    @Neeraj
    You have mentioned about the Free Trade Agreement between China and Pakistan and you think its outrageous. Why? I think you would recall that Pakistan if forever indebted to China for supplying Pakistan with the Nuclear Weapons, violating all international norms. Pakistan just does not have any nuclear programme; its a “Chinese Nuclear Programme in Pakistan”. Not only that, China has also supplied delivery systems for Pakistan nukes in the form of various missiles which were subsequently renamed by Pakistan. There have been reports recently about the presence of Chinese troops in Gilgit-Baltistan and Pakistan giving de-facto control of these areas to China. Therefore, the fact is that Pakistan just cannot refuse any Chinese demand and quite logically, the Chinese are extracting their pound of flesh in various forms. Recommend

  • Neeraj, India
    Feb 10, 2011 - 11:37PM

    @Sonam Shyam,
    There isn’t much in your above post that I can differ with you. In fact, I find your post endorsing my views. Of course, Chinese are extracting their pound of flesh from not only Pakistan’s considerably big market, but, also using it as an experimental Guiana pig for their nuclear reactors, whose functioning efficiency and reliability is yet to be decisively established. I am not an expert on nuclear technology, but, whatever I read on the subject in the national and international media so far, ingeniously built Chinese reactors are no better or worse than our own ingeniously built reactors.
    Chinese want to step into the nuclear reactor market, but, so far, other than Pakistan, no one else showed interest in buying them due to their low capacity of producing electricity (250 to 500 MWs) and other above mentioned reasons. The so called ‘nuclear power’ Pakistan, is yet to produce its own nuclear reactor and as a non-signatory to the NPT it cannot import them either, therefore, Paks are quite happy to buy Chinese reactors, so that they can use or misuse them freely.
    On the other hand, Chinese too are happy to find a customer in Pakistan, who is not only ready to take all the risks involved, but, also quite willing to pay in hard cash and grateful for a loan with high interest rate too. Apart from that, they can gain experience from establishing, running and obtaining performing data from their reactors in Pakistan, that too at free of cost. That is going to help them in building high capacity reactors in future. This view, in part, has also been endorsed by the Pakistan’s most reputed nuclear physicist Pervez Hoodbhoy.
    Therefore, mate, don’t object to my word ‘outrageous’, simply because Pak-China relations are outrageous indeed!Recommend

  • Cautious
    Feb 11, 2011 - 6:43PM

    You want to know what’s wrong with Pakistan – take a look in the mirror.Recommend

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