Security and presidential sources said the explosion was an attack, adding it was not immediately clear whether it was a bomb or an explosive fired at the bus as it travelled along Mohamed V Avenue.
Ambulances rushed from the scene and security forces quickly sealed off the area. Tunisia has suffered two major attacks this year targeting its tourism industry.
27 dead in Tunisia tourist resort attack
A gunman killed 38 foreigners at a beach hotel in June and in March, gunmen killed 21 tourists in an attack at the Bardo Museum in Tunis. Islamic State claimed both attacks. The army has also been fighting against another militant group in the mountains near the Algerian border.
Militants have hit checkpoints and patrols in rural areas in the past.
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