The 41-year-old female known as Nola saw her health take a quick turn for the worse.
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"Early this morning, the team made the difficult decision to euthanize her," the zoo said in a statement.
The animal - battling an infection and other age-related ailments -- had been at the zoo since 1989. It underwent surgery November 13 but then stopped eating shortly thereafter.
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"Nola leaves a legacy that her keepers and animal care staff hope will continue to help rhino conservation for years to come," the zoo added.
The three remaining animals are at a conservatory in Kenya.
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