The Turkish interior ministry said the officials fired included the head of police for the greater Ankara area, as well as his intelligence and public security chiefs, amid accusations of security lapses.
Earlier Wednesday, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan laid a wreath in front of the city's railway station where two suicide bombers blew themselves up on Saturday in a crowd of leftist and pro-Kurdish activists attending a peace rally.
Read: Turkey probes Islamic State attack link as Erdogan to break silence
The government has said the Islamic State group is the prime suspect behind the attack, which also injured more than 500.
Without giving further details, Erdogan said on Tuesday that Turkey had received intelligence indicating that the Ankara attack may be linked to Syria, where Islamic State militants have captured swathes of territory up to the Turkish border.
The weekend bombings have raised political tensions to new highs as Turkey prepares for a November 1 snap election, with polarisation within the country now greater than ever.
Erdogan has admitted there were security shortcomings but said their magnitude would only be made clear later. He has ordered a top-level probe into the bombings.
Read: Gen Raheel assures Turkey of total support
There have been growing indications that the authorities are focusing on possible parallels or even links to a July 20 suicide bombing at a peace rally in Suruc on the Syrian border that killed 34.
The government blamed Islamic State for that attack, which also targeted a gathering of pro-Kurdish and leftist activists.
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