"Our jets started last night to carry out air operations with coalition forces against Islamic State targets in Syria which pose a threat to our security too," a statement released on Saturday said.
Read: Ceasefire breaks down in three areas in Syria: monitor
The operation followed a technical agreement with the United States on Aug. 24 about Turkey's role in the campaign against the Sunnis who control large areas of Syria and Iraq.
Read: Turkey vows 'whatever necessary' in fight against militants
Turkey last month agreed to open its strategically important air bases to the coalition, but has been reluctant to play a leading role in the fight against Islamic State, fearing a backlash.
On July 24, Turkish warplanes attacked Islamic State targets in Syria, but not as part of the coalition operation.
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